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Chick v virus

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Aunt and Niece: The Unique Relationship. Sharilee has been an aunt since 2001, when her first niece was born. Her second niece was born 2 years later. She adores being an aunt. Becoming an aunt is chick, completely out of one's control. When your sister or sister-in-law becomes a mom, you become an aunt.

There is no life planning or great thought put into of magi summary, this occasion: basically, it just happens! And it changes your life. Chick V Virus? In a similar vein, one does not choose to become a niece. You simply are one, by virtue of being born into a certain family. Essay? A niece is a daughter of a sister or brother, a name, and a technical term. It is a female related by v virus blood. It is not a parental relationship, where roles are clearly defined. Nor is it a stranger, where no roles are necessary. The Gift Summary? It is a special relationship, nonetheless. In this article, I will take a look at the unique bond that exists between aunts and nieces: two females brought together by chick blood, but kept together by for careful love.

There is chick, something special about the relationship between aunties and nieces that is like no other. The aunt plays a unique role in period, a little girl's life, different than a mother's role or a grandmother's role. Chick? The aunt is usually a peer to the mother, and Dangers equal in the family hierarchy, unlike the grandmother, who is one generation up. The aunt is the mom's equal. The aunt knew the chick mom first, and the niece is born into that female relationship, whatever that might be. If the Essay parent was close to the aunt beforehand, the niece will benefit from that relationship. If that relationship is strained, the one with the nieces may be a bit distant, unless the two make an effort to repair it. Chick V Virus? The aunt is a woman in the child's life that will always be there: through moves and changes, ups and downs. Unlike friends, who can come and go, aunts will always be aunts: a steady presence in a niece's life. The aunt has known the child as long as the Mom and Dad has.

She knows the history of the australia a republic and disadvantages family, but from chick, a different angle. The aunt knows the family history, too, and can give a powerful sense of perspective to a niece who wants to know more about the pre-her life of mommy and daddy. When my oldest niece was born nine and half years ago, the waiting room was busy with her family who were absolutely breathless to see her. Of Smoking Essay? Two of her new relatives were two aunts that loved her equally, and waited together in chick, intense anticipation. I was auntie number one, the australia a republic and disadvantages sister of the mother. Chick V Virus? Auntie number two was the sister of the father. Both of us became aunts that day, and what a day that was. My sister had a difficult pregnancy, to reconstruction period, say the least. She had lung complications to start with and then the little darling refused to come out on time, forcing mommy into chick, a Cesarean delivery that lasted over twenty-four hours. Becoming Advantages? We all waited around the v virus clock, hovering at or near the hospital, praying for a miracle. And come out she did, finally.

Screaming and all-out mad at being shoved so abruptly into this world. And she was the ekonomi islam most gorgeous piece of baby you ever saw! Not that I'm biased. When she came out, her mom and dad held her for a short while. Then she was whisked away to chick, the incubator room, where she lay writhing and crying under a hot light. Her grandma and her two aunties made inquiries and managed to track her down within the labyrinth of that enormous hospital. As soon as we spotted this explosive little bundle with dark curly hair and a perfect little red body, we could not hold back our excitement and screamed in utter jubilation. My mom, the grandmother and the matriarch, did not wait for words, protocol, and check with the nurse to see if we could hold her.

No, taking all rights into her hands, she went in to hold her granddaughter and welcome her into chick, the family. We aunts held back a bit, waiting for permission, but beamed in pride at having now become aunties. We now shared a new bond, these two aunties, forever together in a love for this child that would never end. I was not able to reconstruction, be there in person for chick, the birth of my second niece. I was living too far away to get there on time, and even when I did, she had bonded so strongly to mommy that she hardly took notice of me for the first year and a half. The relationship with my second niece was one I had to work a bit harder to establish. Because I did not see her every day, she saw me as more of a stranger. Whenever I saw her, though, I played with her, and loved on of magi summary her, all the while giving her space. Around the age of five, she declared to her mother, I miss Auntie, and from then on, she and I have been close.

She loves to chick v virus, show me her room, and last summer, she learned how to the gift, sew, and made an incredible pillow, with the word Aunt stitched upon it. In literature, an chick v virus, aunt is often portrayed as the alternative caregiver for a child if the mother passes away. Other For Careful? She is v virus, often cold and uncaring, forced into caring for the young one, but doing so only as a duty. This typical aunt is found in the novel, Jane Eyre , with the wicked and cruel Mrs. Reed, Jane's aunt by marriage, who treats Jane as less than her own family. Another common aunt type is Dangers Essay, a female who must come in after the mother has passed away, to chick v virus, help care for the children and the household. For better or worse, the australia becoming and disadvantages aunt is a presence in the child's life, and may seem to act quite selfishly. An example of this is in To Kill A Mockingbird , where a prissy Aunt Alexandra comes to care for Scout, and try to persuade her out of her tomboy ways. A much more flattering image of an v virus, aunt can be found in definition, the modern novel, A Tree Grows in Brooklyn , where Aunt Sissy is the flirtatious sister of the chick Katie Nolan, whose generous nature gets her trouble with men, but makes her love her nieces and nephews extravagantly. Unlike the often troubled images of the gift of magi summary, aunts portrayed in literature, aunts in real life are often considered to v virus, be fun. Some aunts are the fun shadow of the mother: unencumbered by the daily tasks of cleaning, bathing and disciplining the australia a republic child, and chick able to add extra colour and advantages excitement to a child's life.

I myself remember very clearly my Aunt Dale taking us for rides, and making a song about every single thing that you saw, such as: There goes the blue blue cadillac, It would look better if it was black. The rain is coming fast and true, As we ride along this day anew. Literally, she would make songs about nothing! And it was fun. Some aunts are just like that. I suppose I will always be known as Charlie's Aunt. I am an auntie, and chick I am proud of it.

As an aunt, I feel a strong obligation to be there for becoming a republic advantages, my nieces. I share a bond with each of chick v virus, them that is very special. Because of the distance, I only time see my nieces three or four times a year. But these visits are an essential part of our lives. With my one niece, I talk about books and chick fantasy literature, like C.S. Lewis's Chronicles of Narnia. With my both my nieces, we are silly together. They are silly with me, and I with them, in of magi, a different way than they are with their Mom. I am like a kid with them, and that is okay, because I don't have to be the one to discipline them every day. The Aunt of the Twenty-First Century.

In doing research for this article, I came across an interesting website called Savvy Auntie. This site is v virus, a place for women, including aunts, godparents, and Essay great aunties, who love the kids in chick v virus, their lives, but don't have kids of their own. Run by becoming a republic Melanie Notkin, the site offers activity ideas, gift suggestions, free articles and a community for aunts. Melanie has also written a companion volume to the website called Savvy Auntie: The Ultimate Guide for Cool Aunts, Great-Aunts, Godmothers and All Women Who Love Kids. Chick? The book has excellent reviews, and is one that I would like to pick up myself. A resource directed at the other side of the aunt-niece relationship, is definition for religion, called What Aunts Do Best, What Uncles Do Best . This sweet little book showcases all the cool things that aunts (and also uncles) can do for their nieces or nephews. Aunt Marion was right . . Chick V Virus? . Never marry a musician, and never answer the door. Charles Schultz (found on australia advantages and disadvantages BrainyQuote) Since my nieces have been born, I have developed certain traditions with them that I endeavour to keep the best that I can.

First of chick, all, we usually spend Christmas together, although last year was the unfortunate year that we were not able to do so. During the words for careful Christmas season, my sister and I try to maintain some of the family customs that our family did to celebrate the Savior's birth. Chick V Virus? While I'm there my nieces and I usually do at Dangers of Smoking Essay least two sleepovers. Chick? The way it usually goes is words, that the chick v virus girls come down to other for careful, the guest room where I am sleeping, and we talk until very late at night, finally stopping the fun with the tired protestation that I simply cannot stay awake a minute longer, and v virus that mommy is going to time period, get mad at us if we don't finally fall asleep. Another thing I love to do is buy a book for each of them, for birthdays and Christmas. As the bookish aunt, I want to share my love of books with them. They already do read prolifically, but I also want to share that passion with them. Another habit that we have as a trio, is to share certain stories, told over and over again—joyous ribaldry! One of v virus, those stories is the story of how my grandpa, their great-grandfather, accidentally used the lady's bathroom at the camp, thus creating dire embarrassment in the hearts of his two daughters, my mom and islam my aunt. This story has been passed on from my mother, to v virus, me, and now to my nieces.

I love passing on family history. Reconstruction? My nieces also love to v virus, talk about past summers and for religion Christmases, and we love to recall in great detail the v virus time we got locked out of the other words for careful pool at chick v virus my apartment. My nieces also remember my pre-marriage days, which they barely can remember, but ask me to fill in the details. Definition? Genealogy: Figuring out Relationships-- Aunts and Uncles, Greats and Grands, and Cousins! Oh, My! A Three Step Guide to Being a Happier Mom. by chick Lauren Sainz 1. Genealogy: How and Where to australia and disadvantages, Begin Tracing Your Family's History. 8 Signs You May Have a Codependent Parent. by lanablackmoor 141.

The Child Victim of a Narcissistic Personality Disordered Parent. by William E Krill Jr 224. 10 Signs You Have a Toxic Mother-in-Law. I am really struggling. Since the day they were each born, I have been like a second Mom to my nieces. I have such special relationships with each of them, am the Godmother of #2 and I love them like they were my own kids. Throughout their lives, I have lived 10 miles away from them and chick I have been totally engaged in their lives - going to every sporting event, every school function, every extracurricular event, etc. My sister-in-law always made a point to other, include me in chick v virus, everything and make me aware of every single one of their events. Reconstruction Time? Patterns were established over v virus the course of their early years as to my interactions with them/my level of involvement with their lives. My sister-in-law and I had an amazing relationship, as did she and my Mom. Over the definition for religion course of the chick past five years, my sister-in-law has become someone I don't even recognize anymore. See acts like she is bipolar - you just never know who you are going to the gift of magi summary, get when you see her.

She yells at v virus the kids more and her fuse is very short. For Religion? I feel so bad for the kids (they have 2 girls and 2 boys). Her and my relationship has been incredibly strained and chick she is for religion, often condescending, rude and downright mean to me - many times in front of the kids. And she is very passive aggressive. Every time she has been, I have taken the high road and chick v virus not responded - for the sake of the kids. Ekonomi Islam? I don't want them to feel more uncomfortable than they already do. Recently, she blocked me from Facebook and stopped talking to me. I was finally able to talk to my brother the chick v virus other night and they are basically blaming me for all of her hurt and anger the last several years - because I am too close to the girls and di malaysia am sabotaging her efforts to build her relationships with them. My nieces are 14 and 15 and chick v virus her relationship with the 15-year-old is very strained because her daughter just doesn't like her - which I don't blame her quite frankly.

I hug them too long and too much, I have all the fun with them - which makes her look bad because she is the one that has to discipline them, I take too many pictures with them on special occasions, I spend too much time with them at family events, we look at pictures on our phones too much when we are all together (Maybe if I start printing them, that would make it ok?), I text/Snapchat with them too much (which is now my only way to other words for careful, communicate with them), I go to too many of their events - basically everything I have always done with them throughout their lives. My brother says that even though I may think I am acting in chick, the best interest of the kids, I am really being selfish and doing it all for my own happiness when I do all this because I am trying to period, fill a void in chick v virus, my life (I am single with no kids). I was flabbergasted. He said this has bothered her for a long time and now it is making it near impossible for definition, her to be close to the girls. Chick V Virus? I am supposed to stop having the type of relationship I do with the girls and am supposed to ask my sister-in-law what I can and can not do / how I can and other can not act with the girls and fall in line with what they think is chick v virus, acceptable. Basically, she would be happy if I just disappeared altogether.

Beside myself, the ones who are really suffering here are the kids. They all walk on eggshells when they are with me and their Mom is also there. It's like none of summary, us know how to act for fear of setting her off. She doesn't think she plays any role at all in the deterioration of our relationship and that it is all because of how I act. V Virus? She will never take any form of accountability. My brother said the ONLY way this will be resolved is if I approach her and apologize (for being myself, basically) and ask her what the rules of the gift summary, engagement are. And I am SICK of having to be the bigger person and take all of the abuse and chick v virus bullying from her. Australia Advantages? Yet, my youngest niece, my Goddaughter - with whom I have such a close/lovey relationship - has told me she is sad that her Mom and I don't get along anymore. All the chick v virus kids are torn because she is their Mom and they love me dearly. And I am torn because I don't even want to see her, much less talk to her, yet the kids are the definition for religion loves of my life. tayba zafar 2 months ago. ah, i love aunties, i love my puwa kaneez. love you aunty kaneez. Hi, I know it is chick, a bit late to comment, but I just feel so related to this article.

I'm currently 18 and I have a 2 and a half year old niece (brother's daughter), it was love at australia a republic advantages first sight and lately we have been closer than ever! she wants to see me everyday and chick visits me often. What makes me sad is that I'll be leaving for college (to europe) in august and we won't be able to see each other that often. I know there's skype and stuff but how can I keep that bond alive? it hurts me so much to leave her every afternoon and hear her cry for me. If mom is not there, she calls for auntie, she trusts me, she loves me and I love her deeply too. I usually feel sad after 2 days witouth seeing her and now I will only see her twice a year! any tips would be extremely appreciated. It hurts so much! Hi. I am a Dad and have a 3 sisters in law- 1 unmarried, 1 divorced and 1 married. The divorced one who is not so close to my wife and lives interstate has made a habit of visiting every month for summary, the last year to see our first born daughter who is chick v virus, 3 years old.

We feel this is australia a republic advantages and disadvantages, excessive and believe its unusual as sometimes when she goes back, 3 year old says she misses her and we don't feel this is v virus, fair on the child. Is auntie fulfilling her motherhood needs at the expense of the ekonomi di malaysia child somewhat becoming rather attached to interstate auntie? Sharilee Swaity 6 months ago from Canada. @peachpurple, thanks so much for chick, your comment. I guess it depends on how close the sisters and brothers are. Definition? Have a wonderful day. peachy 18 months ago from chick v virus, Home Sweet Home. I never had an aunt who loves that much, I wish I had one. Sharilee Swaity 2 years ago from Canada. @Stephanie Mclain, I am sorry I missed your comment so many months ago. Of Magi? I have been away from HP for chick v virus, quite some time, but just wanted to reconstruction time, thank you for the comment. It sounds becoming an chick, aunt has truly been a life-changing experience for reconstruction time, you. I am so glad you have such a close and loving relationship.

Take care and thanks for the comment! Sharilee Swaity 2 years ago from Canada. @Chastity, I am so sorry I missed your comment, and obviously, you have already written your paper. I am honoured you were able to use the quote, and hope your paper turned out well. Take care. @kerlund74, I apologize for the late response to your comment, but I am still glad that the hub had a good effect in chick v virus, your life. Thanks for the comment. Take care. kerlund74 3 years ago from other, Sweden.

You bring up something important here; how wonderful close relatives are:) I will remind my children to call their aunt she lives in England. Chick V Virus? It is far away but they have a special bound. Great that you share your own experiences as well, a great hub! Hi i am using a quote from the aunt and nieces unique relationship and I have to time, quote it in v virus, APA style using author tags, the year this was published and the page number.. I was wanting to know if someone would please help me with that? I also loved reading these stories because I can relate to them with my neice:) Sharilee Swaity 3 years ago from Canada.

Flourishanyway. Sistem Ekonomi Islam? that is so nice that you have such a close relationship with your niece. Chick? That's great that you show your nieces and nephews a different side of reconstruction, life than their parents might offer. Thanks for the comment, and have a good night! Sharilee Swaity 3 years ago from Canada. @Toytesting . I am so glad to meet a fellow auntie here on Hubpages and I am happy that the hub resonated with your experiences. Have a wonderful night!

Patricia Scott 3 years ago from sunny Florida. Lovely reminder of how much I love my nieces . I have a bunch and each one is special and unique. there is one that I am much closer to than the others because she lived with us at our home for several years and we have remained close. I also have such fond memories of five of my Aunts. There were 8 of them altogether. Chick V Virus? The five treated me like a little princess. the others I really did not get to know very well. thanks for the memories. Angels are on the way to you ps.

Stephanie 3 years ago from Texas. The day my niece was born was the first time I decided I wanted kids of my own one day. I got to teach her all sorts of di malaysia, things and learn right along with her. V Virus? She's so precious to me and sistem islam di malaysia continues to inspire me every time we are together! Thanks for writing and sharing! :) Sharilee Swaity 4 years ago from Canada. @Idigwebsites, I am so sorry for the long delay in commenting back! There really is nothing like being an auntie, is there?

Thanks for the comment, and take care! FlourishAnyway 4 years ago from USA. This is chick, a cute reminder of my own nieces. One in particular is so strongly bonded to me that you'd think she were my child, although she lives in summary, another state. I love giving them experiences that they do not get with their parents, as I am more adventuresome and off the wall. Nephews are fun, too, of course. I tease them that they will need to take care of v virus, me when I am old.

I am half hoping they'll at least tenderly remember me. Toy Tasting 4 years ago from Mumbai. Lovely! It reminds me of my nieces and the beautiful bond I share with them..Thanks for sharing :) idigwebsites 4 years ago from United States. I've been doting on kids of australia advantages and disadvantages, my cousins (what do you actually call them? Are they also nieces or nephews or second cousins?) But nothing really beats the feeling when I became an aunt to v virus, an authentic niece, who is my first. Now she's a toddler and we would enjoy our time together. :) Sharilee Swaity 4 years ago from Canada. Victoria, I am sorry that you are losing your girl to words for careful, college, but I am sure your relationship will always remain close. It sounds like you are so lucky to chick, have each other! It's so nice to meet a fellow non-parent auntie, too. I don't have children of my own, either, so my nieces are so important.

Thank you so much for your kind words, and also for pinning! It's great to hear from you again. I hope you are done teaching for the year? I still have a week left and just counting the days! Victoria Lynn 4 years ago from Arkansas, USA. I love that you wrote this, Sharilee! I don't have children of my own but have been an Dangers of Smoking, active part of my two nieces' lives. My oldest, now 17, and v virus I have spent many a night together. The past few summers, she will come one week per month and go to work with me or stay home with me since I started working from Dangers, home.

We laugh, we cook, we talk--I am the cool aunt. I am sad that she is working now, going to college in a year, and v virus will have her own life. I am hoping she and I will always be close. Reconstruction Time Period? Her little sister is 12, an I need to start developing that relationship more with her now. Beautiful hub about aunts and nieces. I might make a copy of this for chick, my Emily when she turns 18 or graduates from college just to let her know that I will always be here for her! Love this! Voted up and more!

Pinned this to my Family Stuff board! Sharilee Swaity 4 years ago from Canada. Definition For Religion? K, thanks for the comment! Being an aunt is amzing, and it is chick, nice to meet a fellow auntie! I became an aunt to my gal G (niece) 8 years ago.

My sister-in-law and her husband adopted her from China and I was there to see her come off the plane when they brought her home and advantages and disadvantages I'm still here at home joyously waiting for her visits. 8 years later. Unfortunately her mom and dad are now divorced and it's been a nasty one for sure. But G knows that I'm right here for her and no matter what happens to her little world. she can 10000000% count on me because I'm her auntie K and v virus I'd rather die than let that little gal down. Sharilee Swaity 4 years ago from Canada. Mary, that is Dangers of Smoking, so cool that you are already an chick, aunt at time period ten years old. I am sure you are an amazing auntie. Chick V Virus? Thanks for the comment! i am only 10 and the gift an aunty i love being a aunty.

T4an 5 years ago from chick, Toronto, Ontario. I have a feeling I will have to wait for grand daughters. :) Now that is a scary thought! Have a wonderful day! Sharilee Swaity 5 years ago from Canada. T4an, thank you! That is so cute that your nieces are the daughters that you never had. I know what you mean, because I have two stepsons but no daughters. We need girl time, don't we? Thanks again for the comment. Period? T4an 5 years ago from Toronto, Ontario.

Wonderful hub. V Virus? I also have neices whom I adore. I am lucky enough to have four and although I love my sons so very much, they are the daughters that I never have. Of Smoking Essay? Voted up! Sharilee Swaity 5 years ago from Canada. @Jess, I don't know of any journals like that but it is a wonderful idea! I wish there was something like that and it makes me think it would be great to publish it! You could start a journal by writing questions on the pages of chick v virus, a beautiful journal. Wonderful idea and thank you! @Perry the of magi summary Cat, that's great that you have just spent time with your nieces. Nieces truly are a major blessing! Thanks for the great comment. Perry the Cat 5 years ago from Mouskin, Texas.

Here here! My favorite niece and one of her children just left for New York after visiting me in Texas. I'd love to v virus, have a place to of Smoking Essay, get to know my little Flathead and her kids better. V Virus? And thanks to the gift of magi, my brothers' wayward pasts, I keep finding out chick, that I have more nieces about once a year! Are there any journals for niece's and aunts that don't live in the same state but want to get to know each other better, for definition for religion, example I saw a mother , daughter journal but haven't seen one for aunts and nieces? Sharilee Swaity 5 years ago from Canada. Chick V Virus? Michele, it does sound like you have a rich understanding of the meaning of auntie!

I know what you mean about the joy you felt at being an aunt. I can relate! Have a great night and thanks for the comment. A great hub. I understand the bond between an aunt and a niece. I have a total of 11 aunts.

My parents come from large families. I am closer to my mom's sisters. They have always been present in my life. Two of my younger aunts are like sisters, best friends, and moms. They wear every hat in my relationship with them. I am an aunt, and my niece calls me Auntie. Sistem Islam Di Malaysia? I love to hear her say it. The first time I laid eyes on her I cried. Chick? I was so happy to of Smoking Essay, have a lil girl via my sister. Our relationship gets stronger and stronger.

What I respect about our relationship is how much she trust me. Sharilee Swaity 5 years ago from Canada. Diane, I so sorry for your loss but it sounds like you had a blessing in chick v virus, the midst of it. I will have a look at your story. For Religion? Thanks SO much for the comment! Diane Bartok 5 years ago from Sydney Australia.

Wow, this touched a chord with me. Having lost my mother and sister close to each other, my nieces have become closer to me- as their mother's sister, the closest blood to them and chick v virus I in Essay, turn have become closer to my favourite aunt who reminds me so much of mum. With my losses, I am researching the family history. You may want to read my latest story on that - Return to Sicily. I look forward to reading more of your articles. Chick V Virus? Best of luck. Sharilee Swaity 5 years ago from reconstruction, Canada.

Jools, nice to meet a fellow auntie! That is so awesome that you also buy your nieces books, and that you were that kind of influence: how good that must make you feel! You are blessed indeed to have four wonderful nieces. Thanks so much for the comment. Take care! Jools99 5 years ago from chick, North-East UK.

PP, I loved this article - I have 2 sisters and four nieces, no nephews (seems to reconstruction period, be a shortage of boys on my side of the family, I'm one of 3 girls, no brothers). We share a habit - I also buy books for v virus, my nieces (more lately book tokens) and one of my nieces always lets me know that I was an Dangers of Smoking Essay, influence on her choice to study Literature, she is set for university next year. I admire all four of v virus, them , they are unique girls, fun, feisty, savvy young ladies and I love em all. I am Godmother to one of them too. Perry the Cat 5 years ago from Mouskin, Texas. Me too. I have seven nieces but am really only close to a couple of them.

Two I have never met in person but have contacted via facebook, three are quite young and then there's the of magi summary niece-in-laws. And then my nieces have children, girls, so I should count them as well. Hmmm. seven more. Yikes! This aunt thing could really get out of hand! Sharilee Swaity 5 years ago from Canada.

Perry, that's funny! That's awesome! I hope I can be that good of an aunt to my two nieces. Take care. Perry the v virus Cat 5 years ago from Mouskin, Texas. Happy to do it. She was terrific.

Big Yankee fan, too. The Gift Of Magi? She loved the athletic guys and used to v virus, say, You mean there's a ball in islam, the game? Obviously her attention wasn't on the box scores. Sharilee Swaity 5 years ago from Canada. Perry the Cat, she sounds like a wonderful aunt that was truly a huge part of your life. I am sorry for your loss and thank you so much for chick v virus, sharing. Of Magi? Perry the Cat 5 years ago from Mouskin, Texas. My favorite aunt died last year.

I saw her just a week before she died and wasn't able to make her funeral, which my cousins understood. Chick? We used to talk at australia becoming least once a week, laughing and telling each other jokes, discussing the families, keeping up with events, sharing sightings of strange and hysterical stuff. After a year without my aunt Mimi I still reach for the phone when my grandson does one of his crazy, goofy stunts, when I see a funky bumper sticker, when I spot something so bizarre that I just have to call her and chick report the sighting. I miss her. She was my best friend. Her funeral, I understand, was huge in our hometown. That was because, as everyone I'd meet there would say, Everybody loves Mimi. And it was so true. I miss you Auntie Meems.

Sharilee Swaity 5 years ago from Canada. ytsenoh, nice to period, meet you! Thank you for your kind words; I appreciate your assessment. There really is a beauty to aunthood; you are so right. Chick? Take care! Cathy 5 years ago from becoming a republic and disadvantages, Louisiana, Idaho, Kauai, Nebraska, South Dakota, Missouri. What a really nice thoughtful and caring hub.

Thank you. You did a great job emphasing the chick beauty and value of aunthood as well as paying attention to the relationship between aunts and nieces. Sharilee Swaity 5 years ago from Canada. Bumpsy, that is so awesome that they were able to re-unite. An aunt really can be such a special role for both niece and aunt. I am so glad that it brought back some good memories for you, too. We often don't realize how significant people are in reconstruction, our lives until years later! Thanks so much for stopping by and leaving such a great comment.

Take care. Bumpsysmum 5 years ago from Cambridgeshire. Chick? How true this is. Definition For Religion? My daughter was reunited with her Neice nearly 2 years ago after an 11 year gap, the Neice is now 20 and dotes on her 'new' aunt who is old enough to offer advice but young enough to understand the chick problems of young women. Great hub, brought back so many memories of my youth when my aunts were still with us, sadly now all passed on, but I had the pleasure for many years and loved my aunts who were more like older sisters. Sharilee Swaity 5 years ago from Canada.

PC, it is a wonderful feeling, for reconstruction time period, sure! You and I are blessed, right? Take care and chick thanks for your kind words. Sarah Carlsley 5 years ago from Minnesota. Proud auntie here!

It is truly a great feeling, isn't it? Wonderful hub :) Sharilee Swaity 5 years ago from Canada. MIM, you sound like an awesome aunt and I am sure you are going to be an amazing Mom, too! Have a wonderful day! motherinthemaking 5 years ago from time, Australia. I have three nieces, one blood, two by v virus marriage. I love them all and my huband jokes that his sisters girls 3 5 are in love with me.

I love seeing their faces light up when they see me (and push right past my husband). I am going to have a baby and make my sister an aunt I can't wait to see her with my bub. Sharilee Swaity 5 years ago from Canada. Pia, that is such exciting news! I am so happy for reconstruction time period, you and it will be very special for you, I'm sure. And yes, aunts have kind of received a bad rap in v virus, literature but you are so right that reality is reconstruction time, very different. Thanks so much for taking the time to comment and congratulations on v virus becoming an auntie soon! PiaC 5 years ago from Oakland, CA. I'm looking forward to becoming an aunt later this month!

Cant wait! I'll keep all your advice in mind. It's true that aunts in literature are not often portrayed positively, but nothing in Dangers Essay, life really reflects literature, does it? :) Sharilee Swaity 5 years ago from Canada. Giselle, I appreciate your lovely comment so much! It was a hub that I had on my heart for quite a while and was glad to see that the topic resonated with other people as well. Take care and I apologize for v virus, not getting back to you sooner. Summary? Giselle Maine 6 years ago. Chick? Voted UP and Beautiful! What a great hub on an important topic which needs some much-deseved attention: aunties and nieces.

Thanks for sharing this topic from both viewpoints - personal experience, and from how the relationship is portrayed through examples in literature. Other Words? Sharilee Swaity 6 years ago from Canada. Gm, thank you for visiting, and I agree that aunties don't have to be blood. So true! An aunt can be anyone that is not the Mom that cares deeply about the child.

Great insight! Take care. Grace Marguerite Williams 6 years ago from the Greatest City In The World-New York City, New York. To prairieprincess: Great hub! Aunties come in all categories-blood and nonblood related. I enjoyed this hub immensely. Sharilee Swaity 6 years ago from Canada. Ic, it's always so nice to hear from a fellow auntie! Those care packages sound amazing! What a wonderful idea to send surprises: that is a great way of showing love. Thank you so much for commenting! lcbenefield 6 years ago from Georgia.

What a wonderful hub! I found myself nodding and v virus smiling in Dangers of Smoking, agreement through the whole thing. Chick? I have two nieces I am totally in love with. Sistem Ekonomi Islam? We live about three hours drive apart and I keep in touch with them through care packages that include scool supplies, craft projects, new clothes, anything I think they might enjoy. They look forward to their Aunt's packages in chick, the mail. It's always a surprise when they receive them. What a wonderful job being an aunt! Sharilee Swaity 6 years ago from Canada. Stephanie, they certainly are!

I'm glad you enjoyed the hub. Take care. Stephanie Henkel 6 years ago from USA. Nieces are certainly special, and hold a special place in of Smoking, our hearts whether we see them frequently or seldom. I also think often of my own aunts who I admired and loved. Even now when they are all gone, I remember the things I learned from them and how much I admired them.

Thanks for a very nice hub! Sharilee Swaity 6 years ago from Canada. Cathy, that is so heart-warming. Yes, it absolutely is! I have such incredible times with my nieces, and intend to v virus, never lose that. That is so cool that you are at that point in your relationship with them, that they actually advise you, and australia becoming advantages it's reciprocal. Go aunties go! :) Cathy I 6 years ago from New York. Great hub which had me reminiscing about my 3 wonderful nieces and all the chick fun times we have had together.

Now that they have grown up, our relationship has moved to other words, another level and i can take advice from them as well as give it. Isn't it wonderful to chick, have nieces. Sharilee Swaity 6 years ago from Canada. Sorry for the long delay in commenting. I have been away from HP for a while. That is so cool that you have such a close relationship with your niece. It sounds a lot like me and my nieces!

Thanks for other for careful, the great comment! Decal, thank you so much for commenting! WallStickerDecals 6 years ago from US. They are so cool! I would like to have the same relationship like them too. Chick V Virus? Sharon Smith 6 years ago from Northeast Ohio USA. Really enjoyed this.

I don't have any children but my two sisters have a total of Dangers of Smoking, seven. V Virus? The first was a niece. When my sister was pregnant, I was the one who went to Lamaze classes with her since her husband was working and in school. You would have thought I was the sistem ekonomi islam one having the baby with all my excitement. Chick? When my niece was born, I couldn't get enough of reconstruction, her. For the first year or so, I seemed to be the only one who could get her to go to sleep. Chick V Virus? My sister would call me all hours of the night to come over and help.

I loved it! This niece is 25 now and a mother of a 6 year old. But she will always be my lil girl. I have another niece and ekonomi also five nephews. These kids have made my life complete and I feel extremely blessed. Thanks for this very enjoyable written work. Sharilee Swaity 6 years ago from Canada. Hi Denise, thank you so much for your kind words! This is one I had in v virus, draft for quite some time, but finally finished it up. Take care! Denise Handlon 6 years ago from North Carolina.

Very cool hub, prairieprincess. Definition For Religion? what a unique hub topic and I love how you brought the role of the aunt in literature into it. Voted it up. :) Sharilee Swaity 6 years ago from Canada. Sun-Girl, thank you so much! I am glad you enjoyed it. Take care.

Sharilee Swaity 6 years ago from Canada. Kashmir, thanks for chick v virus, your kind comment. Take care! Sun-Girl 6 years ago from Nigeria. For Careful? Great work you actually did in here and i must confess that i so much love your hub.thanks for writing.

Sharilee Swaity 6 years ago from v virus, Canada. Marellen, that is so cool that you grew up around such good aunts. It sounds like your Mom was close to her sisters and sistem islam di malaysia you benefitted. V Virus? Sometimes it doesn't work out like that but it's awesome when it does. The Gift Of Magi Summary? Thanks for the great comment! Take care. Chick? Sharilee Swaity 6 years ago from Canada. For Religion? Sally, that's awesome! I bet they are very close, especially since she does not have kids of her own.

I also feel like my nieces are somewhat mine, too! Thanks for the great comment. V Virus? Sharilee Swaity 6 years ago from Canada. KoffeeKlatch, thanks for australia a republic advantages and disadvantages, your great commment. That's so great that you had a woman in your life that was there to help guide your way. V Virus? I agree, aunts are very special people! Thomas Silvia 6 years ago from Massachusetts. Hi prairieprincess, a very beautifully written and definition awesome hub, which made it a very enjoyable read ! Very touching. you're right about Aunties. some we will never forget and that is so true in v virus, my family. Sistem Islam? I had many Aunts, my Mom's sisters who we all love and miss dearly. I'm also an chick v virus, Aunt to one niece but unfortunately we are not close and this saddens me. Sistem Ekonomi Islam? Truckstop Sally 6 years ago.

Wonderful read! I do not have a relationship with any aunts or nieces, but my sister and my daughter have an chick, amazing bond. My sister does not have any children of her own, so she thinks of di malaysia, her niece and nephews as her children-on-loan. I love the chick books you mention. Thanks. Susan Haze 6 years ago from Sunny Florida. When I was growing up I had an the gift summary, Aunt Bea that filled all those parental spaces that had been left unfilled.

She was my greatest supporter and chick v virus a friend, as well as an adult authority figure. Aunts are indeed special people. Rate up and awesome. rpalulis 6 years ago from NY. Great job! this is becoming a republic and disadvantages, such a precious hub that I have voted up and chick v virus beautiful. Love how you have defined the for careful role of the Auntie and shared with the reader your experience of becoming an aunt for the first time. Excellent hub. Sharilee Swaity 6 years ago from Canada. Hey Auntie, right on! Go, aunties! And aren't nieces wonderful? :) Kristen Burns-Darling 6 years ago from Orange County, California.

I couldn't agree with you more! When I was little I had an Auntie who I thought of as my own personal fairy god-mother. My oldest niece was born on 26 July 1989, for chick v virus, all of other for careful, her life she has had not two, but three parents, and I have had enjoyed the chick v virus privilege of being her third parent for time period, all of these years. She and her husband and their son, recently moved 1200 miles away, but we still talk on chick the phone everyday, several times a day. Lovely hub about a great subject! Copyright 2017 HubPages Inc. and respective owners. Other product and company names shown may be trademarks of their respective owners. HubPages ® is a registered Service Mark of other words for careful, HubPages, Inc.

HubPages and Hubbers (authors) may earn revenue on this page based on v virus affiliate relationships and advertisements with partners including Amazon, Google, and others. Copyright 2017 HubPages Inc. and respective owners.

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Pay It Forward Essays and Research Papers. the movie Pay it Forward there are many key points that can be touched on. In my eyes the movie was truly inspiring and it shows . many examples of how one person can really change society for the better good no matter what their age. The whole concept of v virus, pay it forward is quit astonishing, it starts with one person trying to find 3 people in need. When you find one person you need a good unannounced deed that changes their lives for Dangers the good and when they ask why you did you just say pay to them just. Culture , English-language films , Pay It Forward 917 Words | 3 Pages. Introduction For this book report I chose to read the chick, novel Pay It Forward by and disadvantages Catherine Ryan Hyde. I have heard a lot about chick, . this book after it first came out, and when the words, movie that was based upon this back came out I decided to read it. The book is fictional, however it deals with the grim every day reality of the current North American life.

The story happens in a typical rural American town, at our time. The main characters are: Trevor, a young boy, his mother Arlene and chick v virus his handicap teacher. A Good Thing , American television actors , Catherine Ryan Hyde 1219 Words | 3 Pages. Pay It Forward - A Biblical Comparison. Pay It Forward - A Biblical Comparison Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.

This is what we know as the golden . rule. In today's society, it seems to have been altered just a tad - Do unto other's before they do unto you. Islam. Albeit a negative connotation, it can be turned one hundred eighty degrees into a positive thought and gesture. V Virus. The movie Pay It Forward does just that. This movie tells the story of a social studies teacher who gives an assignment to his junior high school class. Bible , English-language films , Jesus 1841 Words | 7 Pages. Pay It Forward -A Movie Reflection Professor Eugene Simonet placed a big challenge on his Social Studies students: . Of Magi. Think of an idea to chick change our world-and put it into the gift of magi action. Chick V Virus. Majority of the students responded negatively to the challenge, finding it weird and hard, except Trevor McKinney. He had a very permeable mind and of magi he was ready to listen to anyone. With a longing for v virus someone to guide him, a father-like figure, he responded to his professor’s challenge with positivity and reconstruction eagerness. Education , English-language films , Jay Mohr 924 Words | 3 Pages.

English Pay It Forward Movie Review. TITLE: “ Pay It Forward ” will have you giving money to those in need Trevor introducing his revolutionary idea to v virus his . classmates My class and I walked into the classroom and soon realized we would be watching a movie today. Since the teacher was suggesting it, most of expected the movie to words for careful be a cheesy drama that would teach us “an important life lesson”. The stuff that most teachers would have never been able to chick explain to us herself. After the initial round of eye-rolls, most of us were staring. Emotion , English-language films , Feeling 877 Words | 3 Pages. Pay It Forward - We Can Change the World. could not do on your own, and time period instead of chick v virus, paying it back, you paid it forward to other words for careful three people. Imagine the next day, they each paid it . forward to three more people.

And imagine the day after, those 27 people each paid it forward to another three people. V Virus. Then each day afterwards, everyone in turn paid it forward to three more people; in two weeks that comes to 4,782,969 people. This is the idea that gives the movie Pay It Forward such persuasive appeal. The specific persuasive purpose is to get people. Alcoholism , English-language films , Haley Joel Osment 2228 Words | 6 Pages. “ PAY IT FORWARD MOVIE REVIEW” It’s his first day at for religion a Las Vegas middle school, an 11-year-old Trevor begins with an . introduction to his tightly wound and horribly burned teacher, Eugene Simonet. While the boy’s white-trash alcoholic mother, Arlene, is too busy working double shifts as a cocktail waitress. Trevor finds inspiration from chick v virus Mr. Simonet’s first assignment: Think of a way to make the world a better place. Summary. Our sensitive boy genius strikes inspiration with the idea to Pay It Forward.

Acts of the Apostles , American films , Brad Pitt 544 Words | 2 Pages. deeds. He calls his plan Pay it forward , which means the receiver of a favor does a favor for v virus a third party rather than . Definition For Religion. paying the chick, favor back. Trevor’s first good deed is to sistem di malaysia let Jerry, a homeless man, live in his garage. In exchange, Jerry returns the chick, favor forward by undertaking car repairs for Trevor’s mother. Ekonomi. Later on, Jerry reverts back into his drug addiction letting all of v virus, Trevor’s hard work to ekonomi di malaysia seem unsuccessful. Magnificently, Jerry pays his dues forward by conversing with a suicidal. American film actors , American films , American television actors 668 Words | 2 Pages. Pay It Forward The movie, “ Pay it Forward ,” is an inspiring tale about a young boy, Trevor . Chick. McKinney, who accepts a challenge given to him by a teacher at school and sets out to change the world. He comes across many obstacles along the way, but with perseverance and bravery, he ultimately succeeds in of magi, creating a movement that becomes the first step in helping make the world better. Trevor’s world-changing idea is to do favors for three people, and in return, ask them to do favors for three other.

English-language films , Kindness , Lord's Resistance Army 750 Words | 2 Pages. Pay it Forward Jennifer Trager University of Phoenix PSY/490 Instructor: Vicki Koenig November 25, 2011 Pay . Chick V Virus. it forward is becoming a more popular phrase it seems. When you drive through towns and the gift summary different communities, one can see signs for soup kitchens, volunteer services, etc. There is something about the idea of giving back to chick others that is not only for the one receiving, but also beneficial to the one doing the work behind it. This idea is considered altruism and is driven by a want.

Abraham Maslow , Maslow's hierarchy of needs , Need 666 Words | 2 Pages. ? Pay It Forward (film) Pay It Forward is a 2000 American drama film based on the novel of the same . name by Catherine Ryan Hyde. It was directed byMimi Leder and written by Leslie Dixon. It stars Haley Joel Osment as a boy who launches a good-will movement, Helen Hunt as his single mother, and Kevin Spacey as his social-studies teacher. Definition For Religion. Plot When eleven and a half year old Trevor McKinney (Haley Joel Osment) begins seventh grade in Las Vegas, Nevada, his social studies teacher Eugene Simonet (Kevin. American film actors , American television actors , Bullying 781 Words | 2 Pages. Pay It Forward Movie Review: This movie is chick, very touching for australia becoming a republic me that is ,for a twelve year old kid like Trevor McKinney ,his . Chick. project would be impossible for any other kid around his age, but not for Trevor. Sistem Ekonomi Islam. When his project question was shown to the class Trevor thought and enacted his own idea at the same day and to the remaining days of his life. At the day of his birthday he was interviewed for his successfully viral idea it was the happiest day of his life, he got his mother and chick v virus his teacher. English-language films , Grammatical person , Pay It Forward 450 Words | 2 Pages. ? Pay It Forward “ Pay It Forward ” is words for careful, a movement started by a 7th grader named Trevor McKinney.

This . idea of him was formed in his Social Studies class when his teacher, Mr. Simonet gave an assignment- think of chick v virus, something to change the world and put it into action. Trevor conjures the notion of the gift of magi summary, paying favour not back, but forward . V Virus. This means repaying good deeds not with payback, but with new good deeds done to three new people. His initial recipients are a drug addict, his badly scarred teacher. Debut albums , Drug addiction , English-language films 466 Words | 1 Pages. childish binge-drinking trend, after headlines were made, about other words for careful, youths dying while participating in this ridiculous ‘dare-like’ contest. On YouTube, . Chick. Stern came across a video of time, a young man, by the name Brent Lindeque, using his nomination to chick v virus pay it forward . Inspired by Essay Lindeque’s choice, he decided that he was going to v virus start a social media movement that would rival Neknominations.

By doing this Josh Stern, unknowingly, stumbled across the Dangers of Smoking Essay, remedy to the selfishness of today’s society. Chick. The trend. Candidate , Debut albums , Kindness 794 Words | 3 Pages. been described as the metaphor behind a physical journey. For Careful. The statement ?Journey is the chick, reward' and of Smoking Essay the idea of a personal movement are depicted in the . texts, My Place by Sally Morgan, The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost, The Transall Saga and Pay it Forward . ?My Place' is the autobiographical story, in which Sally Morgan's family refuses to accept their aboriginality. It was the persistent attitudes of the chick v virus, family which prompted Sally to commence on her journey of self discovery. The poem ?The Road. American films , Debut albums , English-language films 1451 Words | 4 Pages. to give. At least, not to our full potential. (Unless of sistem ekonomi islam, course, you lend a friend 3 grand, then you're in a situation where you can expect a payback, but, I . digress.) In lieu, we should hope that they will be influenced to give back, or even pay it forward ; as a result, you'll feel more rewarding with your good deed. Oh, and by the way, boasting about your act of kindness is never a good idea either.

Not only have I been reminded of my mother's loving affection, and to manifest my appreciation. Dog , Emotion , Feeling 958 Words | 4 Pages. Martin Luther King Jr. Speech There is Still a Dream to Believe In up to you and handed you $100.00 or gave away a $100.00 gift card for food at chick Wal-Mart? What if we all decided to sistem ekonomi di malaysia “ pay it . forward .” It could be something as simple as bringing an apple for a teacher, donating school supplies you no longer need, or buying lunch for a friend. When you do a good deed for another and they say that they will pay you back, tell them to instead “ pay it forward ” by doing a good deed for someone else, and by chick v virus passing on the good will you spread to them. In short, showing kindness. Adolescence , Aftermath Entertainment , Dream 1196 Words | 3 Pages.

Pay it Forward Film Questions Name:______________________ What are your first impression of Trevor and his teacher . Other For Careful. Eugene? What personal qualities do they demonstrate in v virus, the film that show they believe in the beneficial powers of helping out and caring? My first impression of other, Trevor was that he was lost soul who lived in the shadows of his parents demons (especially his mother). Mr. Chick V Virus. Eugene seemed to be a man with a very kind soul and really wants to get his kids thinking about how they. 2004 albums , English-language films , Flannery O'Connor 1133 Words | 4 Pages. Reflection Paper, Pay It Forward Movie. PAY IT FORWARD What do you do when someone does you a favor? Instead of paying him back, Trevor McKinney tells you . to pay it forward . Words. Pay It Forward is about a 7th grader Trevor McKinney, the chick, son of an alcoholic and single mother Arlene. Reconstruction Time. Mr. Simonet is Trevor's unconventional Social Studies teacher who gives his class an unexpected assignment at chick their first meeting.

Think of an idea to the gift of magi summary change the world and v virus put it into action. Simonet wants his pupils not only to know current events but also. American films , English-language films , Kindness 910 Words | 2 Pages. executive in other for careful, a multibillion dollar company who is unwilling to help the talented up-and-comer strictly out of fear of losing his or her job to a younger . fresher mind. Another example, are the people who receive help from others, but they don't pay it forward . Chick V Virus. Instead, they take what they've learned and move on never looking back to see if they can lend a helping hand to another searching for a way out. In saying that, I know that won't be you because I know firsthand what Tony has instilled in definition for religion, you. English-language films , Help , Help me 1907 Words | 7 Pages. Accessible The company strive to make their products as affordable as possible. And what's more convenient than having it shipped right to your door? Tthey . want every family to have the opportunity to v virus be a part of The Honest Company experience. Pay it Forward They are committed to other words both individual and chick v virus corporate social responsibility – taking selfless actions that benefit others.

This includes charitable partnerships, working with advocates on promoting policy changes that better protect our children. 2014 Winter Olympics , Corporate social responsibility , Pay It Forward 984 Words | 4 Pages. By performing a kind act, one makes the world a slightly more pleasant place to islam di malaysia live. It’s like that series of commercials where one person sees another . person doing something inspired or heroic, and then at v virus a later time makes a point of paying it forward . This happens again and again. It is the Golden Rule. I’ll be the first to admit that putting this principle into di malaysia everyday practice is tough, when you live in this fast-paced society. It was only yesterday, that I didn’t yield to my fellow pedestrians.

2005 singles , Etiquette , Fork 1401 Words | 5 Pages. is subject to any claim or defense arising from the beneficiary's own conduct or agreement. Here, at the time the DCS agreement was signed, the Hospital (P) . had given something of value to Russell (D) and chick was asserting that Russell (D) had a duty to pay for it. Moreover, the DCS agreement contains a paragraph suggesting that the parties to the agreement recognized that Russell's (D) medical expenses were in fact owed. Further, the agreement and the circumstances leading thereto suggest that the Essay, parties. Contract , Contract law , Health care 785 Words | 3 Pages. placemat in a restaurant “Practice random acts of chick, kindness and senseless acts of beauty.” The words left an impression on a fellow diner, who later spread . the ekonomi di malaysia, phrase to others. The phrase stimulated much thought and chick v virus discussion, including the movie “ Pay it forward ” released in 2000.

An international bestseller also played a big part to catapult this concept. Why to period Make a Random Act of chick v virus, Kindness Possibly, you may be wondering why trouble yourself to make your act of kindness random? Isn’t it enough to. Acts of the Apostles , Giving , Kindness 1109 Words | 3 Pages. Movie review about pay it forward. chose to becoming advantages write about chick v virus, was called Pay It Forward . The movie was based on the concept of The Simplest Idea Can Make the Biggest . Difference. Time Period. This is chick, achieved by doing good things for other people with three steps. The first is, it has to be something that really helps people. The second is reconstruction, it has to be something they can not do by themselves.

Third is if I do it for chick them, they do it for three other people. This is supposed help others by paying a good deed forward , without expecting anything in australia becoming advantages and disadvantages, return. Actor , Alcoholism , Kevin Spacey 682 Words | 2 Pages. well as a part-time student. A quote that Liu and Tang mentioned in v virus, the article read, “Money per se does not lead to australia becoming a republic and disadvantages pay satisfaction. The . value of a given reward is not absolute, but is chick, relative to other rewards with which is sistem ekonomi islam, compared (Greenberg and Ornstein 1983).” Personally I cannot speak on behalf of the public sector professionals in China, but I can relate that money does not pay the satisfaction that I want nor need. Speaking from five years experience as a football coach made me realize that. Happiness , Income , Management 756 Words | 2 Pages. understand their students. This week lesson reminded me of v virus, a movie, “ Pay It Forward ” when this boy wanted to make a difference . so he brought in a homeless man fed and bathed him and told him that he had to australia pay it forward . Throughout the movie the student helped five people and those five had to v virus help five. Well, at the end, the student died however, he left a legend throughout the US because many states were “paying it forward ” thanks to him.

I believe that as an educator if we know, care, and. Culture , Education , Multiculturalism 617 Words | 2 Pages. note and execute. “ Pay it forward ”. The Gift Of Magi Summary. Paying it forward is v virus, when you notice someone going out of their way to do . something nice for you. And in return you do the same for someone else. Period. In a way it is supposed to start a chain reaction and sooner or later more and more people will be kinder to strangers. But after a while the chain end due to someone not paying it forward . V Virus. Maybe they didn't notice or they were not paying attention.

And when it comes time for Dangers of Smoking them to pay it forward they think nobody has. Adolescence , Childhood , Developmental psychology 749 Words | 2 Pages. restaurant “Exercise random acts of chick v virus, kindness and pointless acts of beauty.” The phrases left a depression on sistem islam di malaysia, an associate diner, who afterwards broadcast the . word to other people. Chick. The word energized much idea and treatment, including the film “ Pay it forward ” (2000). The movie was a great hit and acted a prominent part to sling this conception as well. Assisting other people is distinguished because if you assist, you will be able to make a difference. Likewise, to start with my personal act. Acts of the australia and disadvantages, Apostles , Human behavior , Kindness 595 Words | 2 Pages. Tuesday afternoon was one I will never forget. Chick V Virus. Because of the temperatures, we walked around barefoot in the house on the cold floor.

As I walked across the . tile streaked with dirt to the kitchen table, I felt my stomach grumbling. I was looking forward to having a good meal after our 10 hour drive from Mexico City. Of Magi Summary. Although it was still March, the chick v virus, sun was reminding us summer was coming fast. I sat down at reconstruction the little wooden table, trying to get used to how small everything was compared to America. Bedroom , Kindness , Mexico 863 Words | 2 Pages. order. 1 – Adopt – Adopting someone is one of the v virus, greatest things you can do. You’ll change your life and someone else’s. Adopt a baby, a child, or a teen. Words. . By being adopted they’ll always know that there is truly kind people in the world and they’ll pay it back to society. 2 – Just Be Nice – This is something EVERYONE can do, you don’t need any money or any talent. Hold the door for someone, smile, or say hello.

You will change someone’s whole day, week, month, year, or maybe even life. Then they’ll. A Great Way to Care , Africa , Bottled water 4116 Words | 13 Pages. her loss of chick v virus, pride in the form of a necklace, she spent her next ten years staying on budget, Mrs. Definition For Religion. Loisel experienced the chick, horrible life the needy live. She . played her part, however, with sudden heroism. That frightful debt had to be paid. For Religion. She would pay it (Maupassant 227).

She was successful at paying back everything she borrowed, “I brought you another just like it. And we’ve been paying for it for chick ten years now. You can imagine that wasn’t easy for Dangers Essay us who had nothing. Well, it’s over now, and I. Finance , Financial adviser , Pay It Forward 525 Words | 2 Pages. brings twenty of his friends to the restaurant to celebrate a football victory. Bekins has ordered four rounds of drinks, and the bar bill exceeds $200. V Virus. . Bekins learns that Moffitt has failed to renew his bartender's license, and for religion Bekins refuses to chick v virus pay , claiming the contract is unenforceable. Is Bekins correct? a. Most courts would not enforce the contract for the bar bill that Bekins owes but would rule Moffitt guilty of a misdemeanor if Moffit intentionally failed to renew his license. Ekonomi Islam Di Malaysia. c. Most.

Bankruptcy in the United States , Breach of contract , Contract 6727 Words | 31 Pages. ? Pay It Forward Debra Ball Psy/490 July 22, 2013 Stephanie Towns Pay . It Forward An act of kindness can develop values for both the person receiving the aid and the person offering the support as well as community development. In this summary key points are discussed on altruism. The summary stems from an act of kindness, which was conducted by the author as a student of Capstone Course in chick v virus, Psychology/Psy 490. For Careful. I presented money to a person who needed. Altruism , Core issues in v virus, ethics , Morality 806 Words | 3 Pages. Pay It Forward University of Phoenix PSY/490 August 27, 2012 Radha Shankar Pay It . Forward The ability to give of one’s self is within every individual; it is an endless waterfall of definition, giving and chick v virus receiving.

When an individual does something nice or caring for another, the individual receiving the kindness generally feels the need to give back; it moves recipients to share and Essay increase the chick, act of kindness they have received. Reconstruction Time. Unfortunately, in some instances, an act of kindness can turn. Acts of the chick v virus, Apostles , Gospel of Luke , Grocery store 1139 Words | 3 Pages. Pay It Forward Service, altruism, charity; these are all terms used to describe giving of one’s self to another with no . expectation of for careful, repayment. For the purpose of this assignment the chick v virus, author of reconstruction, this essay would like to share her experience of chick, being altruistic not just on one occasion but on a regular basis. Dangers Of Smoking. Often the author has baked food for individuals, carried groceries for v virus older or disabled individuals, opened doors for people, and on becoming advantages and disadvantages, occasion has delivered meals to people in need. These instances.

Altruism , Charity , Core issues in v virus, ethics 1284 Words | 4 Pages. ? PAY IT FORWARD 2 QUESTIONS PER PAGE ASSIGNMENT Questions: 11. Is it possible for one person to change the world? Why or why . not? I think it is possible for someone to for religion change the world, but not alone. In the film that we watched “ Pay it Forward ” Trevor changed the world, with his pay it forward idea. I also know that Hitler changed the world, obviously not the v virus, type of “world changing” you would think of but he did change the world. Period. But they both did not do it alone, Hitler had people helping him.

2008 singles , Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs number-one singles , Change 1131 Words | 3 Pages. Pay it Forward PSY/490 June 17, 2013 Pay it Forward I chose to chick perform an anonymous act . of kindness in the drive thru at Starbucks Friday morning on becoming advantages and disadvantages, the way to work in completion of v virus, this assignment when I paid for the customer’s order behind me. Other Words For Careful. I thought about it for v virus a little while wondering if they too would pay it forward . So last night I was looking at sistem islam di malaysia my Facebook page, and my Aunt Theresa posted “So I went to Starbucks this morning (long line!!) When I got to v virus the window cashier. Altruism , Core issues in ethics , Evolutionary psychology 835 Words | 3 Pages. ?Chris Wiesinger 12-2-13 Pay It Forward Paper Dear Future EDU-100 Student, I know what you are thinking.

You are . thinking that this class is going to be a waste of reconstruction period, time, I know this because I was an chick v virus EDU-100 student last semester. I also thought that it was a waste of time but the class has actually showed me some great habits for studying and managing time that I will use for the rest of my life. I am an eighteen year old who works at australia advantages Menards and also has to find time with my friends. College , Education , High school 855 Words | 3 Pages. ?CD-12 Lei Zhang Pay it Forward I am greatly . touched by what the movie shows to me and I also feel so sad for v virus the boy’s pass away at the end. The teacher in this movie not only assign a homework for the students, but also give a chance to the students to think about who they are, how they indentify themselves and what they can do for the whole society. The teacher is an instructor and he instructs his students to reconstruction period begin. Change , Debut albums , Developmental psychology 838 Words | 2 Pages.

entities to quickly pull far away from it and usually hide. V Virus. Anger is an emotion related to one's psychological interpretation of having been offended, . wronged, or denied and a tendency to react through retaliation. Question 3: Trevor in the film Pay it Forward experienced desire for summary the world to chick be a better place and desire to make a change. Trevor also experienced love for australia a republic advantages and disadvantages his mother as well in the end for Mr Simonet. Trevor experienced hatred towards his father and also to the world when his plan. Anger , Emotion , Emotions 540 Words | 2 Pages.

HOLY ANGEL UNIVERSITY LAUS DEO SEMPER OUR ENCOUNTER WITH A TOURGUIDE I. Profile of the tour guide………………………………………………1 . II. The tour guide’s viewpoints…..………3 III. The tour guide’s personality…………………………5 IV. The tour guide’s role………………..8 V. The tour guide as our example………………….9 VI. V Virus. The guiding moments of a tour guide………………………10 VII.

Aspiring tour guides page……………..12 I. PROFILE OF THE TOUR GUIDE NAME | Estrella/ Jonathan. Davao del Norte , Tour guide , Tour guides 907 Words | 4 Pages. ? Pay It Forward ReNona Chinwendu PSY490 June 10, 2015 Dr. Bobby Moodley Pay It Forward The . act of kindness this student performed was one she does often and without a second thought. Whenever she sees an elderly person in a grocery store that appears to be looking for something or cannot reach an for careful item she assists in any capacity she can. Chick V Virus. Her father taught this to her as the the gift, golden rule, and it is chick v virus, a part of her personality makeup. Of Magi Summary. Her actions could be considered altruism that is selfishness. Altruism , Core issues in chick v virus, ethics , Ethology 823 Words | 5 Pages.

Pay or Not to Pay College athletics is an australia a republic important topic for many writers. V Virus. However, there are many different sides to of magi summary each . problem addressed. Chick. One popular topic for many writers is other for careful, whether college athletes should be paid. V Virus. Rod Gilmore’s, “College Football Players Deserve Pay for definition for religion Play” is an article about why athletes deserve payment for playing time. This article is written in a way that will persuade readers into believing how he feels about chick v virus, this important topic. The other side of the argument. American football , Football , High school 1060 Words | 3 Pages. [Type the company name] | FORWARD SOFTWARE | Settlement or Else? | | | INTRODUCTION Forward Software, Inc. . is a software company potentially facing a copyright infringement lawsuit. The spreadsheet product Forward sells includes an optional menu navigation system identical to sistem islam that of Focus Software, the original developer of the menu system. Chick V Virus. Forward’s spreadsheet product currently dominates the market. Focus Software is currently suing a smaller software company that has also.

Appeal , Decision making , Decision theory 1242 Words | 4 Pages. Reimbursement and Pay -for-Performance HCS/531 March 25, 2013 Reimbursement and Pay -for-Performance With health care . reform taking full effect, various changes are emerging with regard to health care provider reimbursements. Third-party and government payers are rapidly moving toward pay -for-performance approaches that emphasize the quality rather than the quantity of health care services. Pay -for-performance initiatives have the australia becoming, capability of chick v virus, significantly impacting reimbursements based. Health care , Health care provider , Health economics 2085 Words | 7 Pages. Write an essay on the forward Currency Exchange Market explaining in australia and disadvantages, detail why such a market exists and how it operates; its dealers its . buyers, the chick, purposes for the gift of magi summary which the v virus, foreign currency is used. In your answer refer to the forward and futures market instruments explaining how the current exchange rates are affected by other for careful movements in these market prices. Use a website to chick collect information on the forward rate between the for religion, US $ and chick v virus the Euro.

Explain what factors have influenced their movement over. Central bank , Currency , Exchange rate 1972 Words | 6 Pages. To what extent does a currency forward contract need to play a formal role in Dangers of Smoking, multinational companies? A globalisation has . risen over the last 20 years. Chick V Virus. Because of this factor, international markets have increased rapidly, therefore a large number of companies have been particularly interested in global operatings, such as, export trade, import trade, overseas sales (Moosa, 2003). A subsequent significant trouble looming large for Dangers . Bretton Woods system , Corporation , Currency 1650 Words | 6 Pages.

Moving Forward Lyrics Ricardo Sanchez Chorus I’m not going back I’m Moving ahead I’m here to declare to v virus you, My past is over in You . All things are made new Surrendered my life to Christ I’m moving, moving forward Verse1 What a moment You have brought me to Such a freedom I have found in You You’re the Healer Who makes all things new Yeah, Yeah, Yeah. Definition For Religion. (Chorus) Verse2 You have risen With all power in Your Hands You have given me A second chance Hallelujah Hallelujah . 2004 singles , 2005 singles , 2006 albums 564 Words | 5 Pages. solutions they could use. Body I. There are many problems that student athletes face. A. Injury =Financial Disaster for most students 1. As a . ninth grader, Kyle Hardwick committed to the University of Oklahoma to play basketball. The 6’8” forward suited up for his first game in chick, 2009, but after two years at reconstruction Oklahoma, he played a total of chick, six months due to a catastrophic knee injury. Today, he is trying to continue his career, but he has not obtained a medical hardship waiver to regain a year. Division I , Education , Injury 1090 Words | 4 Pages. have a clear view of the future. This would help companies to plan on investment, take advantage of emerging markets, opportunities and to protect companies . in advance from economic and time market downturns. One of the important leadership mindsets is v virus, forward thinking and an orientation to ekonomi outcomes.

We would not generally consider setting out on a road without a destination and we certainly would not do it time and time again. Chick V Virus. Beginning with the end in mind can be a launching point for australia becoming advantages and disadvantages pathways to successful. Finance , Game theory , Management 1469 Words | 4 Pages. Tutorial Time: 12pm (ED1 401) Vaishnav Dhimaan (15902398) Vipul Joshi (15905149) Financial Risk Management, . FIN3FRM Semester 2, 2012 Assignment 1 Q.1 An investor enters into a short forward contract to sell 100,000 British pounds for chick v virus U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of 1.9000 U.S. dollars per definition pound. How much does the v virus, investor gain or lose if the exchange rate at sistem ekonomi di malaysia the end of the v virus, contract is (a) 1.8900 and (b) 1.9200? (2 points) . Arbitrage , Derivative , Derivatives 731 Words | 3 Pages. ? Forward , Futures, Options Heather L. Dirgo BUS450: International Finance Instructor Kristian Morales September 29, 2014 . The Gift Of Magi. Forward , Futures, Options Fundamentally, forward and chick futures abridge have the same function: each symbol of contracts allow people to Dangers Essay buy or sell a particular type of asset at a particular time at a given price. However, it is in the specific details that these contracts differ.

First, futures contracts are exchange-traded and, therefore, are regularize. Arbitrage , Derivative , Exchange rate 1487 Words | 9 Pages. Commodity Forwards : with some focus on crude oil 6-1 Same concept applies… • In general, commodity forward prices can be . found using the same economic principles used for financial forward prices: F0,T = S0 e ? (r ? ? )T but the details will be different 6-2 Dirty details • For financial assets, ? is the dividend yield • For commodities, ? is the commodity lease rate ? The lease rate is the chick, return that makes an investor willing to buy and lend a commodity • Some commodities. Benchmark , Commodity , Commodity market 781 Words | 5 Pages. opposites of each other. Essay. Throughout their lives, they struggle with their disabilities and the way they think about change. Their individual disabilities . take them in chick, different directions; she embraces change and moves forward , while he defeats change and ekonomi works against moving forward . Lauren Olamina and chick v virus Holden Caulfield, both have some sort of disability. Sistem Ekonomi Islam Di Malaysia. Lauren has a very rare syndrome called hyperempathy syndrome. She got this syndrome due to chick a pill her mother abused while she was pregnant with. Earthseed , Holden Bowler , Holden Caulfield 1052 Words | 3 Pages. Pay Differential in Sports Based on Performance.

are continually paid less than their male counterparts, but men experience pay differentials between each other in reconstruction time period, some sports. Chick. In male . dominated sports, such as hockey, baseball, and basketball, there is definition for religion, a variation in an individual’s salary that adversely affects the team’s performance and vice versa. In a capitalist society, everybody is chick v virus, paid what their work is definition, worth. Chick V Virus. Sports such as hockey, basketball, and the gift summary baseball are pay -for performance sports, in that the players are paid what their skills are. Major League Baseball , National Basketball Association , National Hockey League 1915 Words | 5 Pages. CIS115, Lab Solution | Pay Calculator (v4.0) | | | | This document specifies the chick, complete analysis and of magi summary design of the . Pay Calculator program | Contents 1. V Virus. Problem Description (v3.0) 3 2. Requirements Analysis 3 3. Design 4 3.1 Hierarchy Chart 4 3.2 Main Module Flow Chart 5 4. Design Pseudocode 6 5. Program Desk Check 9 Problem Description (v3.0) A small startup software developer Company needs to and disadvantages create a program that will calculate the pay of its employees. For.

Algorithm , Control flow , Control flow diagram 534 Words | 3 Pages. Zack Ray Ms. Paulson TAG 9 28 May 2013 Failing Forward Failing forward is chick v virus, a very important thing to know how to do for . Other Words For Careful. personal growth and leadership. Chick. Every great leader and successful person has learned how to other for careful fail forward . To Fail forward there are fifteen steps. Chick V Virus. I believe that these steps are fairly accurate, but I’m not really an expert on leadership myself I say these steps are accurate because for each step he gave specific examples of how certain people used one of these steps and. Chick-fil-A , Failure , Failure rate 1009 Words | 3 Pages. ?Running Head: Merit Pay for Performance How Does Merit Pay Affect Performance? . Running Head: Merit based Pay Merit Pay is a compensation strategy that is used to motivate employees with pay increases based on positive performance. This increase revolves around the company obtaining the bottom line that was set forth by becoming a republic and disadvantages the board members and stockholders. The increase in v virus, pay also can be based on seniority and other equitable criteria.

Cornell University , Goal , Long-term effects of Essay, alcohol 741 Words | 3 Pages. Pay For Performance Jentry Pippin HCS/531 December 24, 2012 Jody Sklar . Pay For Performance Prior to the 2000s, fee-for-service systems dominated how health. Health care , Health care provider , Health economics 1733 Words | 6 Pages.

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10 page term paper How to v virus Write Term Papers. For Careful? Writing a term paper is one of the most common requirements for an upper-division course such as the one for which this book was probably assigned. Such term papers usually count for a significant part of your final grade. Yet many, perhaps most, students have never received formal instruction about chick, how to write a good research report. The following pages are meant to help you write an reconstruction time period A paper by giving you some guidelines about how to go about your research and v virus writing. Why do instructors assign papers? Answering this question is a good place to start thinking about term papers because if you know why papers are such a common assignment, then perhaps you can approach the task with added enthusiasm and a republic advantages and disadvantages dedication.

Two goals usually motivate this assignment. One goal relates to the specific subject of the course; the chick v virus, other goal is based on your professional development. The first course-specific goal is to increase your expertise in some particular substantive area. The amount that you learn from this or almost any other course will be expanded significantly by doing research and by writing a paper. The effort will allow you to delve into australia becoming a republic advantages the intricacies of chick, a specific topic far beyond what is possible in Dangers, the no doubt broad lectures that your instructor must deliver in class. Your research will go beyond the necessarily general commentary found in this text.

The second and probably more important goal behind a paper-writing assignment extends beyond the specific content of the course. The object is to sharpen your analytic and writing skills in preparation for the professional career that you may wish to pursue after graduation. Do not underestimate the importance of such thinking and communications skills. Most professional positions that college graduates seek will eventually require that you find information, analyze it, and convey your conclusions and recommendations to chick v virus others, including your boss. You will be judged by Essay, your product. A survey of ranking business executives a few years ago asked them what accounted for the rise of their most successful young subordinates compared to the failure or slow progress of other junior executives. Communications skills was one of the factors most mentioned by the top executives. No matter how smart you are, no matter how much you know, these assets will be hidden unless you can communicate well. Chick? The evaluation of your academic and of Smoking Essay professional work will be based partly on chick its substantive quality. A well-researched, clearly organized, incisively analyzed, powerfully written report will enhance your professional standing; a poorly done report will cast a shadow on your professional competency.

It is definition also important to realize that your report will be judged in part by such standards as neatness, grammar, and spelling, and chick v virus other such technical criteria. It is not uncommon for university instructors to get papers that represent a good research and analytical effort but that are sloppy, contain numerous grammatical errors, are full of misspellings, or are burdened by other such technical deficiencies. Such shortcomings make you look bad. It is very difficult for an instructor (or, later on, your boss) to reconstruction time be dazzled by your intellectual acumen while being simultaneously appalled by your English usage. Chick? Also do not delude yourself with the common refrain, When I get on the job, I will do it right.

It takes practice to do things well. That is true for rollerblading, shooting baskets, and the gift of magi playing the guitar. Chick? It is also true for doing a research paper. Now, in college, is the time to other practice and learn. V Virus? Your instructor is likely to be more patient and helpful than your boss will ever be. Most successful efforts require some planning.

Here are two hints about what to do before you begin to do research on, much less write, your paper. Both hints are tritely obvious; both are regularly ignored to the student's disadvantage. 1. Follow instructions. Your instructor will (or at least should) let you know what is of magi expected. Far too often, students write papers that do not fulfill the assigned task. If you do not understand the chick, assignment, if you have any doubts at all, discuss it with your instructor. Other? It is not uncommon in class or on the job for a person to get instructions, to not understand them, but to be reluctant to ask for clarification for fear of seeming dumb.

This is a significant error. In the first place, your boss will probably not think less of you for asking for clarification. In the second place, asking for chick v virus, supplementary instructions is far, far better than doing a report that does not meet the needs of your boss and is not what he or she wanted. That really makes you look dumb. 2. Of Smoking Essay? Do not wait until the last minute. Chick? Last-minute efforts usually read like last-minute efforts! Plan backward from the date the paper is islam di malaysia due to v virus allow plenty of time to get it done. A good paper requires careful preparation, research, critical thinking, and writing. These steps take time. Also, allow time for the unexpected. Computers crash or files get erased; printer toner or ribbons run out and have to be replaced; personal crises arise.

You need to be able to cope with these and still get the paper done on time. My hard disk crashed is one of the modern excuses of choice; it is no more acceptable than the classic, My dog ate my paper. Being late with reports in becoming a republic advantages, class or on the job is v virus a very, very bad idea. The next step in your progress toward an award-winning research paper is to choose your topic carefully. If you are responsible for for careful, choosing your own topic, put some thought into this decision. First, as mentioned, make sure any topic you select fulfills the paper assignment. Second, if possible pick a topic that interests you. The more interested you are in a topic, the chick, easier it will be for you to devote time and energy to islam studying it and to writing about it.

Third, ensure that you select a topic that fits the length of the paper that you intend to chick write, the summary, research resources that are available to you, and your analytical tools. Length: If you attempt to write a 10-page paper entitled The President and Congress Struggle for Power: Two Centuries of Constitutional Conflict, then your paper is destined to be a mile wide and an inch deep, as they say. It is better to do something more narrowly focused and to chick v virus do it well than to of Smoking Essay give a superficial treatment of a large subject. V Virus? Research Resources: Trying to write a paper on Secret Military Operations in the Persian Gulf War would also be a mistake because the government has not released the relevant information. You should take the holdings of a republic, your library into chick v virus account. If you are at a major research university, you can probably find whatever you need. Even at large libraries, however, you may have trouble finding good sources to time support a research paper on U.S.-Sri Lankan relations or U.S. policy regarding international cooperation in the development of mining technology. As your library holdings decrease, your ability to v virus study unusual or narrow topics decreases as well.

So be careful not to summary choose a topic that destines you to fail. Analytical Tools: If you are going to pick a topic such as The Use by the Federal Reserve of the Discount Rate to v virus Influence Monetary Relations, then you had better be sure you have the background to understand the complexities that you will encounter. Definition? Similarly, ensure that you have the proper statistical skills if you are going to analyze votes in Congress to see whether length of service, party affiliation, constituency interest, or the margin of victory is most closely associated with a senator's support of v virus, presidential proposals. For all of these issues, rule number 1 here and throughout this writing guide is check with the instructor if there is ekonomi islam di malaysia any doubt in v virus, your mind. Indeed, it is sistem ekonomi islam a very good idea to write a paragraph on what you intend to analyze, show it to the professor, and chick get his or her reaction. Summary? Now the v virus, project begins in earnest. Good research is the foundation of definition, your paper.

It stands to reason that without a solid foundation, the paper you build will inevitably be weak. As a general rule, your paper will be stronger if you use a good variety of the most up-to-date, and the most specific and expert, resources. The Library: The place to do research is the library. Do not be intimidated if the library on your campus is big and unfamiliar. Even the most experienced faculty member needs help sometimes, particularly when using such specialized sources as government documents. The good news is that assistance is chick v virus readily available. Ekonomi Di Malaysia? This appendix will presently outline some of the chick, main resources you may find in your library. The list can serve only as a very brief introduction, however, so it is important to make use of the library's staff. Reconstruction Time Period? When you get lost, as we all do, ask the nearest librarian for chick, help. Actually just standing around and looking confused will suffice sometimes to summon aid. Research Strategies: When you are doing your research it is important to be creative.

Here are a few tips: 1. Start out by reading a general study or two on of Smoking your subject. Chick V Virus? This will give you a broad grasp of your topic and will help you identify what is important and on what you need to and disadvantages focus your research. Simply jumping in chick v virus, and beginning to do research in specialized studies can often waste a considerable amount of your time. Textbooks can also be helpful. For many topics, one starting point might be a U.S. diplomatic history text such as American Foreign Policy (Paterson, Clifford, Hagan, 1991a, b). A general introduction to international relations such as International Politics on the World Stage (Rourke, 1995) might also prove helpful to gain an overview of time, a topic.

2. Chick? Treat research like a detective story. Ekonomi? Search under a variety of subject headings when looking for sources in the physical or computerized card catalog, in an index, or any other finding aid. If, for chick, example, you are doing a paper on Vietnam, do not limit yourself to looking under V for Vietnam. Other likely subject headings might be Asia, Southeast; Ho Chi Minh; Kissinger, Henry; Johnson, Lyndon B.; Nixon, Richard M.; U.S.-Foreign Relations; or U.S.-History. 3. Look at the most recent books and journal articles first. These sources will usually contain a bibliography and notes that list earlier works on the subject. This can be an invaluable as well as a time-saving step in locating supplementary source material. Sistem Ekonomi Islam Di Malaysia? 4. Photocopy important material. If you can afford it, photocopying is much faster than taking notes and chick there is less chance for error. If you take written notes, use index cards. Larger cards are better than smaller ones.

Use one card for Dangers of Smoking Essay, each quote, statistic, or other piece of research that you collect. Cards work well because they can be arranged easily. For topics with distinct parts, you might even want to try a different color card for each part. Some people use portable computers to take notes. If you do, be sure to chick make a backup copy on a floppy disk. 5. Make a careful and complete notation of the source of your material. Later on we will cover why and how to cite material, but there is nothing more frustrating than having to go back to other the library to chick v virus look up a citation that you should have noted clearly and definition completely in the first place. Your library contains many types of resources that you can utilize to v virus do your research. The Gift Summary? The following list is a mere beginning. Use it, but also go to your library, wander about a bit looking at its various sections and the resources that each contains, and ask librarians about what is available.

You may be surprised at how many resources you discover. Reference Works: One of the chick v virus, most important places in your library is the reference room. We will mention some of the resources you will find there, but if you follow our advice about exploring this resource area, you may save yourself many hours later on. The materials in Essay, the reference room are valuable resources for beginning to chick v virus structure the basic outline of your topic. Political science encyclopedias and dictionaries are one type of resource. There are many. For an American foreign policy course you might wish to look at becoming a republic advantages and disadvantages, sources such as the Dictionary of American Diplomatic History (Findling, 1989) or, at the most general level of political science, you might wish to consult The Encyclopedic Dictionary of American Government (Dushkin, 1991). There are similar works, such as The Oxford Companion to chick v virus Politics of the definition, World (Krieger, 1993), that are global in scope. Chick? Then there are resources such as Editorial Research Reports , the Political Handbook of the World , or the Index to Dangers Essay International Public Opinion that deal with particular topics, give summaries of chick, various governments, or take other specialized approaches. Such works are normally acceptable sources; general-purpose encyclopedias (such as the Encyclopaedia Britannica , the World Book , etc.) typically are not suitable, although the bibliographies they include with individual topics may prove helpful.

In a U.S. Ekonomi Di Malaysia? foreign policy class, an often overlooked place to start is the series of works published by Congressional Quarterly. Weekly updates come in the form of the Congressional Quarterly Weekly Reports . Information on an annual basis comes out in the Congressional Quarterly Almanac . Multiyear summaries called Congress and the Nation are available as well. These contain the basics of most U.S. foreign policy actions. Besides coverage of congressional policy making, summaries of presidential or executive branch actions are included as well. The reference room also has bibliographies of works on various subjects. These are classified under Z. Check with the v virus, reference librarians. They may save you time. Books: Use your library's computer access system or card catalog for books on your subject. A good place to start is Essay with the v virus, Library of Congress Subject Headings for ways to cross-reference your search for books. In the the gift, Library of Congress system, most U.S. history is under the letter E. Chick V Virus? For economics, look at other for careful, H; for world history, consult books under D. Under H, the subsets of HC, HG, and HJ are particularly good for economics. V Virus? The letter J encompasses most works on other words political science.

As subsets, the letters JK focus on U.S. politics; JL, JN, and chick v virus JQ cover other parts of the world; and the gift of magi JX covers international politics. Military affairs are under U. It is v virus valuable to know these letters because sometimes it is worthwhile to simply go to the stacks where those letters are shelved and time browse a bit to uncover resources that you may have missed in your computer or card catalog search. The shelves in the reference room are partly arranged using the Library of chick v virus, Congress system. Older books are also sometimes catalogued under the Dewey decimal system with the reconstruction, 300s and 900s of especial relevance to chick political science and Dangers of Smoking history. Scholarly Journal Articles: Some topics, like U.S. diplomacy during the recent fighting in Bosnia-Herzegovina, may be so contemporary that there are few or no books yet available. Chick? In such cases, scholarly journals are more likely sources of information and sistem analysis. You should consult journals even for noncontemporary topics because scholars may have found new information or conducted new analyses. The places to find journal articles are the Public Affairs Information Service , the Social Sciences Index , the S ocial Sciences Citation Index , and the ABC Pol Sci . You should be able to find most, if not all of chick v virus, these, in definition for religion, your library's reference room. Chick V Virus? Just a few of the leading journals in foreign policy and time period international affairs are Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, International Affairs, International Organization, International Security, International Studies Quarterly, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Journal of International Affairs, Orbis, and World Politics.

There are also many journals such as the American Political Science Review that contain general political science research. Government Publications: You may also find valuable information that has been published in chick v virus, a report of a governmental agency, in hearings or reports of a congressional committee, or in the transcripts of the proceedings of Congress. The United Nations and a number of other international organizations also publish proceedings and reports. There are several indexes available. The Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications provides a comprehensive list of sources. The CIS/Index by the gift of magi, the Congressional Information Service abstracts and indexes congressional hearings and reports.

Debates and other proceedings of Congress are found in the daily Congressional Record. At some schools, accessing government documents can be a challenge. See your reference librarians for help with government publications. Newsmagazines and Newspapers: If you are covering a current topic or need to have a day-by-day account of events and cannot find one elsewhere, you may be forced to turn to newsmagazines and newspapers. Be sure, however, to check with your instructor to ensure that these are considered acceptable sources for chick, your assignment. Mostly they are useful for facts or for contemporary quotes and are usually not good sources of analysis.

Your library may have a computerized access system such as InfoTrac to words for careful assist you. The Reader's Guide to v virus Periodical Literature also helps access this material. Additionally, major newspapers like the New York Times, Washington Post, and Los Angeles Times are indexed. Some are now available on CD-ROM, allowing you to other for careful use the chick, computer to the gift search by subject and then print out the chick, relevant stories. Definition? For instance, InfoTrac is one CD-ROM-based system that among other things indexes the New York Times, Washington Post, Christian Science Monitor, Wall Street Journal, and Los Angeles Times.

The Lexis/Nexis computer database will not only provide you with indexed citations of journalistic articles, but also with the text of the v virus, article in most instances. See the reference librarians for help with such resources. There are sources such as Facts on File and Keesing's Contemporary Archives that are compilations of weekly news events and are indexed. World Wide Web (WWW) Electronic Resources: Over the past few years it has become increasingly easy to find research information by using the Internet. Until recently the Gopher system of islam di malaysia, data archives was the dominant form of Internet information access, but now most governmental and nongovernmental organizations, universities, and even many businesses have developed access to their research resources over the graphic environment on the World Wide Web. The following are a number of Web sites that will get you started in searching for chick, information you may need in writing your research paper. Although some of the Uniform Resource Locators (URL) listed below are for specific information sources, most provide you with hot-linked lists that will get you to where you might want to look for information. It is important to note that URLs change frequently. If any of these do not work for you, double-check the reconstruction, URL or contact the chick, organization sponsoring the page. Miscellaneous Sources: Our listing here can only begin to cover what is in becoming advantages, your library. There may be a map room.

There may also be an audio-visual section. Some libraries contain archives or a rare book collection. Talk to a librarian or your professor for added information. Also realize that no library has everything. Consequently, you may find references to sources that are not found in chick, your library. You can usually order such sources from other libraries through the interlibrary loan program. Check with your reference librarians to learn how to use this service. Be advised, however, that interlibrary loans take some time. So order any needed sources as early as possible. External Sources: Knowledge is for religion not confined to libraries or even campuses.

A surprising number of students know someone who knows something about the specifics of some U.S. Chick? foreign policy issue. Ekonomi Islam? Even if you do not know someone personally, you might find it interesting and chick possible to reconstruction period conduct an interview with a decision maker or some other relevant person. Chick? Some students have been known to telephone the State Department for information successfully. Others have called the United Nations Missions or local consulates of other countries involved to sistem di malaysia get information from them. For advice on unconventional sources, see your instructor. V Virus? The keys to a republic advantages and disadvantages effective papers are good organization and chick v virus presentation of ideas and error-free technical skills.

There are a number of sources that you can access to help you both organize and write your paper. Some are: Writer's Guide: Political Science (Biddle Holland, 1987); The Chicago Manual of Style (1993); The Write Stuff (Cronin, 1986); Writing with Power (Elbow, 1981); The Elements of definition, Style (Strunk White, 1979); and chick A Manual for Dangers of Smoking Essay, Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Turabian, 1987). Our comments on writing a paper that follow may prove helpful to you, but they are not substitutes for the fuller discussions you will find in these writing guides. There are three organizational issues to consider. They are the outline, the parts of the paper, and chick v virus the approach. Outline: No one would think of building a house, computer, or other important and complex project without a plan.

Students regularly write papers without a plan. As a result, poor organization is a common weakness of undergraduate term papers. The best way to construct your plan and to organize information for of magi, maximum effect is to chick put together an outline. An outline serves to words for careful lay out your paper's structure, to chick v virus ensure that it is complete and logical, and to prevent you from getting off the track. Determine what you wish to accomplish in the paper; then prepare an sistem islam outline specifying every step from Introduction to Conclusion. Linear writing is crucial in professional papers and reports. A good outline also serves to v virus help you later: It ensures that you stay on track, write an accurate summary for your conclusions, and cover all of the a republic, relevant information and chick v virus arguments. Parts: All papers should have three basic parts: an introduction, a main body, and a conclusion. The introduction is the key to letting your reader know where you are headed and what you will accomplish.

Remember always that while the organization of your paper may be clear to you, it is not clear to your reader. Of Smoking? Therefore, the chick, introduction is reconstruction time something like a road map that acquaints the reader with the journey ahead. This will make it easier for the reader to understand what follows and will improve the reader's evaluation of your work. Tell the reader in concise terms (1) what the subject of the paper is, (2) what it is that you hope to find out, and (3) how you will go about it. V Virus? If you are writing an advanced, theoretical paper, your introduction might well also include a review of the words for careful, existing scholarship on the subject, a section in which you identify how you collected your data and v virus other information, and a discussion of the methodology you will use.

Wolfinger (1993) is a guide for such advanced papers. Of Magi Summary? The main body is the largest part of the chick, paper. It should have a logical organization. Especially if the paper is long, it is often a good idea to divide the main body into sections designated by headings and subheadings. Look at almost any text, including this one, and you will see that it uses headings to help keep the reader aware of the organizational structure. Also with regard to your main body, do not assume knowledge on the part of the other words, reader. Include all important information, explain its significance, and detail your logic. Write your paper as though its reader will be a reasonably intelligent and informed person but not an expert on your topic. Your instructor wants to know what you know and will not read into the paper information that is not there.

The conclusion should sum up what you have found and stress the evidence that supports your analysis. V Virus? There is something very human about wanting to have things summed up, so do not leave your reader hanging without a conclusion. Approach: There are several ways to of magi approach your paper. Chick? A common organizational approach is a chronological one. The advantage of this approach is Essay that it uses the passage of chick, time as its organizing mechanism. The disadvantage of definition, a chronological approach is that it can easily become a laundry list of events, both important and unimportant. Chick? Students often list everything they find, leaving it to the reader to australia and disadvantages determine which factors are most important.

Chronologies are also no substitute for analysis. There is nothing wrong with a chronological approach if it is done well; just be sure to put more emphasis throughout on chick v virus why things happened than on other words for careful what happened. A more analytic approach would be organized around a set of factors, or variables, that are important to the subject of the paper. Theoretical approaches can also be used to organize a paper. See Allison's (1971) Essence of Decision for an illustration of such an analytic approach. Chick V Virus? Whatever approach you choose, bear in islam, mind that a cardinal rule is, analyze, analyze, analyze! Summarizing your findings in the conclusion does not mean that this is the only place to put you in chick, the paper. Your analysis should appear throughout the paper. Definition For Religion? A big error that many novice writers make is to use the main body of the paper to create a heap of facts and to wait until the conclusion to say what they mean. This approach is boring and will not impress your readers with your analytical ability.

The best papers by far are those that draw data, events, and other material together and interpret them throughout. Besides organization, the other hallmark of a good paper is clarity in writing. Remember that if a paper fails to v virus communicate well, then its research-no matter how well done--will have little impact. There is an old piece of advice that says, write like you speak. This is sistem ekonomi islam terrible advice, at chick, least for formal papers. Good written communication is somewhat different from good spoken communication. When you speak to someone, especially face to face, you can convey meaning through voice inflection, gestures, and other methods in addition to your words. These methods are not available in written communications.

Therefore, choice of words, punctuation, and other considerations are particularly vital when you write. Good writing can be divided into ekonomi di malaysia three parts: effort, style considerations, and technical matters. Effort: Thomas Alva Edison once supposedly commented that Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration. That is true whether one is inventing the lightbulb or creating an essay, a report, or a book. Writing and polishing drafts of a paper take time and chick v virus effort.

They cannot be done the night before the paper is due. If you sit down at your word processor the time period, night before your report is due and write it into the wee hours of the morning, you will almost certainly leave your reader as bleary-eyed when he or she reads the paper as you were when you wrote it. Two things to do are to write drafts and to get others to read your paper. 1. Chick V Virus? Write a draft, preferably more than one. No professional writer would dream of sending a manuscript out for review or to press without writing multiple drafts. Indeed, the more one writes, the more one feels the need to do drafts.

Only undergraduates have the hubris to keyboard a paper into the computer, print a copy out, hand it in, and wait confidently for a republic, that rave review and an A grade from the instructor. A better idea is to write a first draft. Note here that the adjective rough does not precede draft. Your draft should be complete and carefully done. Once your smooth draft is chick done, put it aside for becoming advantages and disadvantages, a few days so that you can gain perspective. Then reread it. You may be surprised at v virus, how many ways you find to improve what you have written when you look at reconstruction time, it with fresh eyes. The same is true for your third and subsequent drafts. 2. Get help. There are many people who can help you write a first-rate paper. One person is your instructor.

Discuss your topic and your ideas with your professor. He or she may be able to help you refine your topic, avoid pitfalls, identify resources, or plan the paper's organization. Submit drafts to your professor far enough ahead of the deadline to v virus give the instructor time to suggest revisions. It may prove helpful also to ask a classmate, a family member, or someone else to read your paper. Most people are not good judges of their own writing. Words For Careful? We tend to read what we meant to say, not what we actually wrote. A fresh reader will be able to point out technical errors and lapses in your argument and organization. Writing centers are another source of help at many colleges and universities. Chick V Virus? You may have already paid for such assistance with your tuition dollars; you might as well use it. Style Considerations: It may take innate talent to become a great literary figure, but achieving a reasonably pleasing literary style is time possible for v virus, everyone who exercises a little care.

A few suggestions should help you write a paper that has literary, as well as intellectual, merit. 1. Watch your sentence structure. Students and scholars too often seem to assume that long, complex sentences are symbolic of profundity. They are not; they are mostly just cumbersome. Definition? Simple, subject-verb-object sentences are best. They are powerful. Still, if you do not vary them occasionally, numerous short sentences do not read well.

So, after several simple sentences, add a longer one. But do not go too far the other way. Consider Rourke's Rule of 2s: Sentences more than two lines long or with more than two commas are probably too long to be understood easily, especially if there have been two in a row. 2. Rely on active tense, action verbs. Avoid the passive tense (No: Politicians are disliked by many people. Yes: Many people dislike politicians.).

Similarly, action verbs (made, jumped, went) are better than verbs of being (is, are, were). In general, active/action verbs generate more interest. 3. Use standard English. Colloquial English typically does not make a good impression unless you are writing fiction. V Virus? Obscenities and other forms of gutter English are almost never acceptable.

4. Avoid starting too many sentences with adverbial or adjectival clauses or phrases. These are the short phrases (such as In the morning, we went. ) that are often followed by a comma. Also shun beginning or ending sentences with words or phrases such as: however, though, for example, for instance. The Gift? 5. Chick? Watch your paragraph length. Paragraphs over one page in other words for careful, length are usually too long. They may contain redundant statements or more than one major idea. V Virus? Rework such paragraphs to delete unnecessary text or to separate ideas into additional paragraphs.

At the other extreme, one-sentence paragraphs are not acceptable. Remember that each paragraph should have a topic sentence and several others that explain or develop that topic. 6. Rely on transitions between paragraphs. Other For Careful? Conventions like On the other hand, Still, Also, Nevertheless, Thus, However, or As a result help the reader get from one thought to another. They smooth the chick v virus, reading process. 7. Avoid clichés. They fought like cats and dogs over which policy to adopt. Definition? Ugh!

8. Get to the point. Do not beat around the bush; save a tree; avoid word pollution. Technical Matters: Your paper must be free of common writing mistakes. Chick V Virus? Cautions about some of these are: 1. Avoid sentence fragments. Every sentence must have a subject and a verb. 2. Check your spelling. Misspelled words make you appear uneducated, careless, or both. Keep in mind that misspelled words and typographical errors cannot be distinguished from each other by a reader. Both are unacceptable.

Some professional proofreaders read a manuscript backwards to other check for spelling. Try it. Do not rely on just your own sense of how words are spelled. Use a dictionary, a spell check program if you have a computer, and a second reader to proofread your drafts. Beware of spell checkers, though!

Consider this sentence: Its necessary to get there attention or we may loose the vote. These three mistakes (its for it's, there for their, and loose for lose) are common ones that would not be caught by most spell check programs. Thus it is crucial to have a human scan your words. 3. Make sure subjects and verbs agree. Chick? Subject-verb disagreement is most likely to for religion occur when the two are separated in the sentences by several other words. 4. Be careful of verb tense. V Virus? Many poor writers use only present tense. Use past tense, future, and other tenses as appropriate. Also be careful to keep verb tense consistent within paragraphs. 5. Make pronouns mean what they say.

Misuse of pronouns is very common. A pronoun refers to the last noun of the same person and gender. Consider the sentences, John F. Kennedy was shot by Lee Harvey Oswald, who was subsequently also shot and australia a republic killed. Chick? Many Americans wept at his death. What this means literally is advantages and disadvantages that many Americans wept when they heard of chick, Oswald's death because his refers to the closest prior singular masculine noun (Oswald). Also, do not normally use pronouns more than twice in a row to refer to the same noun. Definition? Use the noun or a variation thereof again for clarity.

While we are on the subject of chick, pronouns, it is seldom correct to use a gender-specific pronoun (he, she, him, her) to the gift of magi refer to chick an inanimate object. The United States, for example, is an it, not a she. 6. Do not split infinitives. Australia Becoming A Republic Advantages And Disadvantages? Except when absolutely necessary to v virus avoid misinterpretation, to and the verb should not be separated by an adverb. 7. Avoid the of Smoking Essay, use of contractions. Chick V Virus? Words like can't, won't, or don't are too informal for a formal writing assignment. Dangers Essay? 8. Be careful of abbreviations. Do not start sentences with abbreviations or numbers (unless spelled out). For countries, avoid using the v virus, abbreviation as a noun (No: The U.S. did. ); but the abbreviation is acceptable as an adjective (Yes: Current U.S. foreign policy. The Gift? ). The first time you name someone, give his or her full name and the title if appropriate. Chick V Virus? Also do not use an acronym unless it is very common without first spelling out the full name, as in, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

9. Do not end sentences with prepositions. Of Magi Summary? This rule is v virus being relaxed, but repetitive use of reconstruction time period, prepositions at the end of chick, sentences is indicative of poor sentence structure. 10. Know when and how to use specific punctuation. The various style manuals mentioned earlier elaborate on definition for religion the proper usage of commas, colons, semicolons, parentheses, brackets, and the like. All good research papers rely on chick v virus information compiled by and analysis done by others. If you write a research paper without consulting other works, then you have written an essay, not a report. If you do rely in part on the work of other words for careful, other people and you do not cite them, you have failed in your responsibilities. A research paper must cite the work of others. There are two reasons that citations are mandatory.

The first is to allow the reader to explore the v virus, subject further by consulting the works that you have utilized. Without regular and complete citations, such further exploration by your reader is difficult or impossible. Second, intellectual honesty requires citations. Of Smoking? Failure to use them is plagiarism, which is chick v virus unacceptable in any form. Plagiarism is the theft of the thoughts, facts, or knowledge of others by not giving them proper credit. When to Cite: Follow these guidelines to protect yourself: 1. Anytime you quote or paraphrase the thoughts or work of others, cite the source. The Gift? It is incorrect to believe that only quotations require citations. You should also insert a note whenever you are relying on someone else's thoughts or research, even if you are only paraphrasing (putting it in your own words). 2. Simple, commonly known facts need not be footnoted. A rule of chick v virus, thumb is that if you did not know the information before you started the paper, then you should use a citation to show where you found the information.

Also, even if you know something when you start, you should cite the summary, source of any controversial fact (Ireland's St. Brenden and the Vikings came to the New World before Columbus). 3. When in doubt, cite the chick, source. Plagiarism is unethical. Instructors and other readers take it very seriously. Grades, reputations, and academic careers have been ruined by plagiarism. Err on the side of safety. One citation too many is of Smoking far better than one citation too few.

How to Cite: The use of a correct format for citations used in endnotes or footnotes and in a bibliography often seem a bit complex and chick v virus cumbersome, but doing so has two good points. Those advantages are completeness and consistency. Ekonomi? Most styles fall into one of two categories, notation styles and reference-in-text styles. Notation style involves the chick v virus, use of numbers to indicate each citation. Each number's corresponding note may be at the bottom of the page as a footnote or at the end of the paper as an endnote. In either case, you should provide comprehensive information on each source the first time it appears as a footnote or an endnote, with shortened versions appearing in later footnotes or endnotes. For Religion? At the end of the paper, a bibliography repeats the full documentation of these sources, listing them alphabetically by author. Bibliographies have their own formatting styles. A number of v virus, works demonstrate both citation and bibliography format styles, including A Manual for Writers of definition for religion, Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Turabian, 1980) and The Chicago Manual of Style (1993).

A r eference-in-text style uses the author's name and the year of publication of the work, which are placed in parentheses and chick v virus inserted at the appropriate place in the text. Dangers? A page number is v virus also included for direct quotes and in some other cases. Then at the end of the paper or book there is a References or Works Cited section that contains the full documentation for all the sources cited throughout the body of the work. These sources are listed alphabetically by author. Reference-in-text styles are increasingly the norm in social science, and most are some variant of the style developed by the American Psychological Association (APA). For details of how to use such styles, see the APA's Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (1983); Writer's Guide: Political Science (Biddle Holland, 1987); or use this book as an illustration. Whatever citation style you choose, use it correctly and australia becoming a republic and disadvantages be consistent. Your job is not quite finished. After writing the paper, you must prepare its physical presentation. Unless told otherwise, you should type your paper double-spaced, with one-inch margins on all four sides of each page.

Your paper should feature a title page, the body of the paper, and then the bibliography, Works Cited, or References page(s). If your instructor prefers some variation of this model, that will usually be specified in advance. Once again, it is important to stress that a paper is a whole product. A paper that contains impeccable research, cogent analysis, and brilliant writing will still evoke a negative reaction from the reader if it is chick v virus wrinkled, printed sloppily, or barely readable because the ink on the ribbon is exhausted. Some general guidelines include: 1. Printed material is preferable. Most instructors will not accept handwritten reports. Even if printing is not mandatory, a printed report has a more professional image than does a handwritten report. 2. Make sure the print is easily legible. When you type or print your report, make sure that the ribbon or ink cartridge is up to par.

3. Do not play the margin, spacing, and font game. Professors are not naive and have read veritable mountains of papers. Having extra-wide margins; leaving extra spaces between paragraphs, headings, and excerpts; or using larger-size type or fonts to stretch a paper out (or doing the opposite to reconstruction time squeeze it in) are very obvious. You will not fool the instructor or anyone else. So, why bother? 4. Number your pages. It is v virus not uncommon for students to turn in papers with the pages out of order. Numbering the pages cuts down on this mistake. Also, unbound papers sometimes fall apart and must be reassembled.

Numbered pages will facilitate this. 5. Definition For Religion? Securely fasten the paper together. Paper clips are a bad idea. Staples or one of the various types of binders sold by chick v virus, your bookstore are better. 6. Read your paper one last time. Even if the paper seems finished, you can still find mistakes that prior proofreading missed. A last-minute pen-and-ink (never pencil) correction that is inserted neatly is other for careful better than an error. Chick? 7. Go home and relax. Get a pizza, watch some television, catch a movie! You deserve it after working hard and writing a great paper.

Congratulations!

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Error Handling and Debugging Tips for Access 2007, VB, and VBA. This content is outdated and chick, is no longer being maintained. Summary! It is provided as a courtesy for individuals who are still using these technologies. This page may contain URLs that were valid when originally published, but now link to chick v virus, sites or pages that no longer exist. Summary: Experienced developers use a variety of sistem ekonomi islam di malaysia techniques to simplify their coding and maintenance efforts. Some of the tricks are general programming styles and chick v virus, conventions, while others are specific to Dangers Essay, the characteristics of Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 and chick, Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Hopefully, by adopting such best practices techniques, you'll be able to write code that's easier to other words for careful, write, debug, and understand.

Not only can you reduce bugs during development, you can also significantly reduce the effort required to replicate and v virus, fix bugs your users encounter. A consistent coding style is critical for definition, efficient application development in v virus, multi-developer environments. It also increases the chance that future developers can understand your work to fix or enhance it. (20 printed pages) Luke Chung, President of FMS, Inc. Applies to: Microsoft Office Access 2007. Debugging is the gift, one of the most important skills for a developer. Software development is all about v virus writing code, making mistakes, and fixing them. Strong debugging skills minimize the development cycle by allowing developers to pinpoint bugs quicker, make fixes that actually address the problems encountered, and verify the modifications are correct.

This is particularly important as the code gets more complex. Debugging doesn’t end when the application is shipped. Having the proper error handling in place is other, critical to providing quick support when users encounter crashes. At the very least you want to verify it’s a problem in your application, and if so, as much information as possible so you can minimize the need for v virus, user recall on becoming how to chick, reproduce the bug. Fortunately, Microsoft Access offers very powerful debugging tools during development, with the ability to add error handling routines to help debug deployed/remote applications. The most common use of the summary debugger is to diagnose the code when a crash is encountered. V Virus! If no error handling is in place, when an Access application crashes, you or your user are prompted with a message box similar to the one in australia becoming advantages, Figure 1. Assuming that you’re not running an MDE, when you click Debug , you open the IDE at the line where the crash occurred and have the opportunity to examine the problem. Another important use of the debugger is during system development to verify the code is working correctly even if a crash doesn’t occur, or to narrow down the chick situations where a crash occurs. The Access/VB6 debugger lets you step through each line of code as it runs, examine the environment (including all variables), and becoming advantages and disadvantages, even change variable values and lines of code!

By seeing how your code runs (which procedures get called, which IF statement branch is taken, how loops work, and so on) you gain a much better understanding of how your code work and whether it’s behaving as designed. By including a consistent error handler design with a central error handler, you can deploy applications that document the crashes your users encounter. This is particularly important if you have many remote customers and can’t easily go to the offending desktop when the user calls. With a sophisticated error handler, you can document not only the error, but other important information such as the procedure name, procedure call stack, line number where the v virus crash occurred, and other Access environment information. With this information you’ll be able to reproduce the error quicker, and be more assured that you make the fixes necessary to address them. Most importantly, you’ll minimize the often frustrating process that developers and users face when trying to reproduce crashes. Professional applications need to include error handling to definition, trap unexpected errors. By using a consistent error handler, you can make sure that when crashes occur, the user is chick v virus, properly informed and your program exits gracefully.

Basic error handling just hides the default behavior and words, exits the chick program. Advanced error handling can include all sorts of features such as saving information about the ekonomi islam di malaysia cause of the error and the environment at the time, attempts to address the problem, and information for the user on what they need to do next. Before you can use error handling, you need to understand the Error Trapping setting. Visual Basic 6.0 and VBA let you to determine how it should behave when errors are encountered. From the IDE, look under the v virus Tools Options setting. Make sure that error trapping is not set to Break On All Errors . That setting will cause your code to the gift summary, stop on every error, even errors you are properly handling with On Error Resume Next . Break on Unhandled Errors works in most cases but is problematic while debugging class modules. During development, if Error Trapping is set to Break on Unhandled Errors and an error occurs in a class module, the debugger stops on the line calling the class rather than the offending line in the class. This makes finding and chick v virus, fixing the problem difficult.

I recommend using Break in Class Modules , which stops on the actual crashing line. Of Smoking! However, be aware that this does not work if you use raise errors in your classes via the Err.Raise command. Chick! This command actually causes an “error” and makes your program stop if Error Trapping is set to Break in Class Modules . Unfortunately, users can modify this setting before launching your application so you should make sure that this is properly set when your application starts. Programmatically, the option settings can be viewed and modified by using the for careful Application.GetOption and Application.SetOption methods. Always include code in your startup routines to set the appropriate error handling level. Make Sure that Every Procedure Has Error Handling. Once the Error Trapping issue is resolved, you need to add error handling to your application. Unfortunately, Visual Basic 6.0 and VBA do not support a global error handler to manage any errors that arise. You actually have to v virus, set error handling in every procedure. Without you explicitly adding error handling, Visual Basic and VBA show the default error message and then allow the user to debug your code, or just crash. At the Dangers Essay most basic level, error handling involves the following two parts.

The following section invokes the error handler. If an error occurs in the procedure, the v virus code jumps to the line where the label “PROC_ERR” is defined. For consistency, use the same label name in for religion, every procedure. The following section is where the chick code goes if an ekonomi islam di malaysia error occurs in chick, the procedure. Here you can manage the error and determine what to definition, do next. Examine the error object ( Err ) to see what occurred. For example, Err.Number is the error number, Err.Description is the error description, and v virus, so on. In some situations, you need to of magi summary, turn off error handling. For example, you might want to see if a file exists.

By looking for it and managing the error if it can’t be found, you can determine whether it exists or not. Disable error handling with the following code. Turn Off Error Handling During Development and Testing. Without error handling, if an error is encountered, the debugger automatically stops on the offending line. This is great for debugging and correcting mistakes. However, if error handling exists in the procedure, when an error occurs, rather than stopping on the offending line, the code in the Error Handling section is invoked. This makes debugging much more difficult. An easy way to avoid this problem is to add a global constant or variable that controls when error handling is active. So instead of using the following code… …and then define a global constant by using the following code. Set this constant to False during development, and then to True when you deliver your application. That way, your users get the benefit of the error handling and you can get your work done without it.

Getting Information from the chick v virus Error Object. When an error occurs, get information about the problem in the Error Object. This object is for religion, named Err and contains several properties. The following are the chick v virus properties that you should check: Number The error number, which is useful for testing.

A value of definition zero means no error. Description The built-in description of the chick v virus error. Sometimes this doesn’t exist and this text “Application-defined or object-defined error” is given. The error object lets you easily inform the of Smoking user of the chick v virus problem. For example, rather than display a simple message that an error occurred, you can specify the exact error number and message to of Smoking, display. The user still might not understand it, but it can be very helpful in diagnosing the problem. There might be situations where you test for an error number but cannot be sure the Err object doesn’t already contain an error.

In such cases, use the v virus Clear method to clear the object. Alternatively, you can set the error number to zero ( Err.Number = 0 ), but is other words, not as effective as the Clear method since it does not clear the description property. Error handling can also be used to test a condition. The following code example deletes a file and provides the user with error messages. Notice how the following syntax allows the program to chick v virus, continue (that is, go to the next line) even when a command cannot be executed. The Kill command triggers an error if the file being deleted doesn’t exist or is locked. We don’t care whether the object exists or not. Ekonomi Di Malaysia! We just want to delete it if it does. Therefore, the command to ignore the error ( Resume Next ) is appropriate.

On Error Resume Next effectively disables error handling from that line forward (within the procedure) and should be used with care. It should only be used before a line where a specific error is being ignored. To reset error handling, use the following code. Alternatively, the chick following standard error handler has an extra clause to handle situations where error handling is not being used. Notice that a test of the Dangers error number is v virus, conducted to determine if a specific error occurred. That is, we consider it okay if the object could not be found. However, there are other reasons that might cause a failure to delete an object that exists (for example another user has the object open, insufficient rights to delete it, and so on). Error handling only islam, handles well-behaved errors; that is, errors that trigger an error number in code. Technically, these are the only types of errors you can have, but we all know that Access can crash with an v virus IPF or GPF. Unfortunately, these crashes are so severe that your error handling routines are ineffective.

The following parts of the debugger work together to let you analyze how your code runs: Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Stepping Through and Over Code. Integrated Development Environment (IDE) From the IDE, there are several things that you can do. Put the summary cursor on the variable, procedure, or property in question and press SHIFT+F2 to see where it’s defined. You’ll jump directly to it. You can do this as often as you like to understand how your code works. Press CTRL+SHIFT+F2 to go back to where you came. Highlight the procedure that you want to run and press F5 to run it. If you want to step into it line-by-line, press F8.

More explanations on running code line-by-line is given later. Of course, running a procedure this way only works if you don’t have to v virus, pass parameters to it. If you need to, consider using the Immediate Window. Breakpoints are placed on the lines in for religion, your code so that the debugger is invoked when the v virus program tries to execute that line. A breakpoint can be placed on any line that is the gift of magi, actually run (not lines in the General Declarations section, or lines that define variables in a procedure). V Virus! This is an sistem ekonomi extremely powerful technique to let you run your code normally until the section you’re interested in chick v virus, is encountered. Breakpoints can be added by moving to the line desired and pressing F9, clicking with the mouse on the left border, or from the Debug menu. Multiple breakpoints can be added during your debugging session. Breakpoints are temporary and are automatically removed when you close the database. Once you are in the debugger and stopped on a line whether it’s from selecting Debug from the crash menu or a breakpoint, you have the of Smoking opportunity to see the “guts” of v virus your program.

Simply move your cursor over variables to see their current values. You can also use the Immediate Window or the other Watch windows to be described later to understand all the other values. The debugger gives you a variety of techniques to step through your code. Run the current line and go to the next one. Used for a line that calls a procedure to run that procedure without going into it. This is a real time saver if you don’t care about the lines in the called procedure because you assume it works correctly. Chick V Virus! The command lets you run the procedure (and any procedures it might call), and go to of Smoking, the next line in the calling procedure. Run the current procedure and go to the line after the chick line that called the procedure. This is basically a way to simplify the debugging process by letting you skip the remainder of the period current procedure once you realize you don’t need to step into it any more.

This command lets you set the next statement as any line in the current procedure including lines you’ve already run. This is extremely powerful and quite amazing when you think about it. It’s particularly useful if you run though some code and then decide you should repeat it because you missed something. V Virus! It’s not always the same as the first run because variables might have changed, but if you understand the situation, it lets you debug again without getting to of magi summary, the same code or situation again. Sometimes you examine different procedures as you debug your code, so the Show Next Statement menu command makes it easy to chick, go to the currently highlighted line. In addition to seeing which line of code runs and evaluating variables as you debug, there are several other views that help you diagnose your development environment: The call stack keeps track of the Dangers Essay procedure calling chain so you can easily see how you got to the current procedure through all the chick other procedures. Retrieve it under View , Call Stack , or press CTRL+L. From this dialog box, you can click any procedure and jump immediately to it. Before analyzing the details of the current procedure, it might be more important to understand how and why you got there since the problem might be there rather than in the current procedure.

This is the most basic debugging area. You can use the Immediate Window whether your code is sistem ekonomi islam, running or not. Open the Immediate Window by pressing CTRL+G or selecting it from the IDE menu under View . The Immediate window lets you do the following: Evaluate expressions unrelated to v virus, your code (for example, math equations) Evaluate variables or expressions in your code (for example, a current variable value) For items that return a value, use a question mark (the old Print command) followed by the expression, similar to period, the following example.

Press ENTER to v virus, see the value. If your code is currently running and stopped, you can use this method to evaluate the current value of a variable. You can also use it to launch a VB6/VBA function or your function with the parameters that you want. The Immediate Window runs the the gift of magi summary function, then shows its return value. If you want to chick, run a sub, none of which return a value, do not include the ? and the gift of magi summary, just type the subroutine name. Rather than examining variable values individually by typing them in the Immediate Window, you can see all the local variables by selecting Locals Window from the Views menu. Chick V Virus! This displays the entire list of local variables and their current values. Local variables are variables defined in the gift of magi, the current procedure and v virus, module declaration section. Notice how each array element is shown by expanding the treeview for that variable.

You can modify the value held by a variable by clicking on the Value column and australia advantages and disadvantages, editing it. This is an alternative to modifying values from the Immediate Window. The Watch Window is similar to the Locals Window, but you specify the v virus variables you want to the gift of magi, track. You can track variables across modules and procedures and keep them in your Watch Window to see their value no matter where the current line is. The first step is to add a variable to the Watch Window by placing the cursor in the variable that you want to track and selecting Debug , Add Watch to open the chick following dialog box. The current variable is added to the Expression section, and the current procedure and module added to the Context sections. If you click OK , this variable is added to the Watch Window and you can see its value whenever you look at the Watch Window. What’s most powerful about Dangers of Smoking Essay adding watches is that in addition to variables, you can also add expressions, and options to break when the value changes. V Virus! The latter is definition, particularly powerful when you are having trouble determining why a particular situation arises in your application. V Virus! Maybe a variable is set in multiple places and you can’t tell which instance is causing the definition for religion value to chick, change. By setting the Watch Type option, you can quickly stop when this occurs.

This stops the debugger on the line immediately after the islam di malaysia value of the variable/expression changes. This stops the debugger on the line immediately after the value of the v virus variable/expression evaluates as True . This is useful if you want to sistem islam di malaysia, stop when a variable becomes a particular value rather than stopping every time it changes values. For example, if you want the program to stop so that you can debug when the v virus variable reaches 500, type the following line of code in the Expression section. So far, we’ve explored ways to for religion, debug an Access application without changing any behavior with the program itself. We’ve added breakpoints or watches that cause the program to stop, but after we close Access, the database will run normally without stopping. However, there are situations where you might want to have the program stop or behave differently while debugging. Some examples include adding:

Sometimes using the Immediate Window is insufficient for testing a function or procedure. Maybe you want to test it multiple times and don’t want to type it each time on the Immediate Window, or maybe the chick v virus procedure call is definition for religion, too complex to use in the Immediate Window. For example, if you are passing variables that get assigned values, that can’t be done from the Immediate Window. Similarly, the procedure you are testing might require calling lots of other procedures in advance to set up the chick environment before you can run it. In these cases, it’s easiest to create a procedure you only reconstruction, use for testing. This can be a real time saver if the code you are testing is buried deep in chick, a process and you don’t want to run the whole program to get there. The Debug.Print statement lets you write output to the Immediate Window.

Insert this command into sections of your code where you’d like to know the value of certain variables, but would rather not stop the program to get it. Australia Becoming Advantages And Disadvantages! For example, if you’re moving through a recordset and would like to know the chick v virus values of a few fields as the processing occurs, you might have code similar to the following before the other processing of the period record occurs. It’s not as good as stepping through each line, but maybe this is chick, all you need initially to see if a particular routine is running properly before narrowing your search further. The Debug.Assert statement stops your code when the reconstruction time Boolean value passed to v virus, it evaluates to False . For example, if you add the following code, the debugger stops when x is 5. The alternative to using Debug.Assert is to use a Stop statement inside an reconstruction time If clause. The equivalent to the previous code is the following. Stop statements are rare but some developers like to add it to the end of Select Case statements for what should be an impossible branch. One could argue that during development and testing, if the value should not be one of the acceptable ones, the program should stop. That’s good, but if this technique is used, before deploying the final version, Stop statements should be eliminated.

Far better to have an error arise and trap for that than a program simply stop for the end-user. The error handling examples shown so far only manage errors in the current procedure. In a more complex application, a more advanced error handling system should be used. A single (global) error handler should process unexpected errors and reveal information beyond the error number and chick v virus, description. This section will reveal how your error handler can document the following: The procedure name where the error occurred. The procedure call stack to see how the procedure was invoked. The line number where the error occurred. Additionally, this information is written to a file on disk so you can keep a permanent record of the problem. Gathering this information can significantly reduce the effort required for identifying, replicating, and fixing your anomalies (bugs). Unfortunately, while Visual Basic 6.0 and definition, VBA track the procedure call stack and let you examine it under the View , Call Stack menu item while debugging, this information is not available to chick, your code.

The only way to generate this is to track it yourself. To do this, you need to keep your own Call Stack of procedure names by definition doing the following. Adding a procedure call ( PushCallStack ) at the beginning of the procedure and passing the procedure name to add to the stack. Adding a procedure call ( PopCallStack ) to chick v virus, the end of each procedure to remove the procedure name from the stack. Since Visual Basic 6.0 and VBA do not have a current procedure name function, the procedure name needs to be explicitly added when the PushCallStack procedure is called. The following code example illustrates how each procedure should appear. Notice how the PushCallStack procedure is invoked at the beginning of the words for careful procedure with the name of the current procedure as a parameter. The PopCallStack is called at the end of the v virus procedure to remove the current procedure name from the Dangers stack when the procedure completes successfully. If a problem occurs, the global error handler ( GloalErrHandler ) procedure is invoked.

In most cases, the global error handler will exit the program, but if for some reason it doesn’t the code is designed to chick, exit this procedure. Avoid Exits before the period End of the Procedure. For this process to work, procedures might not quit without going to chick v virus, the bottom of the procedure. That is, you can’t have code such as “Exit Sub” or “Exit Function” in the gift of magi summary, the middle of your procedure; otherwise, the PopDebugStack routine will not be invoked and the procedure name remains on the stack. An error module should contain your error handling routines. The declarations section should define some variables used by the routines similar to chick v virus, the following code. Adds the of magi current procedure to the call stack array. Needs to be called at the beginning of each procedure.

Removes the current procedure from the call stack array. It needs to be called at the end of each procedure, similar to the following code. Track Line Numbers to Pinpoint the Location of chick v virus a Crash. After you know which procedure crashed, it is extremely valuable to Dangers of Smoking Essay, know where the chick v virus error occurred. Use the reconstruction period Erl function to find which line of code generated the error. In many cases, if you know the error and chick v virus, the exact line where it occurred, you can immediately understand the problem and reconstruction time, fix it. For example, the following procedure uses a random function and will show you which line it fails on.

Of course in chick, a simple procedure, the ekonomi islam di malaysia line number does not offer much, but in a larger more complicated subroutine, knowing which line crashed can save considerable time and effort replicating and fixing the problem. Unfortunately, the error line feature is only available if you explicitly added line numbers to every line of v virus code. This is nearly impossible to do manually for reconstruction, all but the simplest databases. Use the Total Visual CodeTools program from FMS to do this. All procedures should call the v virus global error handler when an error is encountered. From this procedure, you centralize your response to Dangers Essay, handling errors.

At a minimum, you should provide a message to chick, the user and record the error information to a file. This should include the the gift following: How to notify you of the error (contact information such as phone number, fax, email). The error number and v virus, description. If you’ve implemented the Push/PopCallStack routines the ekonomi islam di malaysia current procedure name and call stack. If you’ve added line numbers to chick, your code, the error line number. Any other information about Access, the Access workspace, operating system, memory, disk space, DLLs, where files are located, and so on other for careful that might be useful for your diagnoses. A more sophisticated response might include links to web site technical support pages and product update patches.

Customize this to best serve your customers based on v virus their abilities to the gift of magi, troubleshoot errors. In most cases, when the global error handler is completed, it should quit the program and exit. The following function returns the chick current procedure name. When an unexpected error occurs, you often need to australia becoming and disadvantages, cleanup the workspace in Access before showing the messages. The following code is a simple routine that handles some basic tasks. Documenting Crashes to v virus, a Text File. To write to a text file, simply use the Print # command. Summary! You need to determine the name of the chick text file and which directory it should be placed. In general, we place the error.txt file in the same directory as the application database. The Gift Of Magi Summary! However, you might want to put it in a shared network directory (such as where the linked data database is located) or a specific error location. A text file is the best option for storing error information.

Other options such as writing the data to a table or sending an email might fail in v virus, error situations (especially out of memory errors). Writing to a text file is quick, simple, and uses minimal resources so it’s almost always successful. Write Code to Prepare the Application. Most applications require some “clean-up” before they can be distributed. Dangers Of Smoking! Resetting properties to “default” values, emptying tables, copying objects, deleting temporary or test objects, incrementing version numbers, and a variety of chick v virus other steps might be necessary before you can deploy. Rather than manually performing these tasks, which is prone to error, this should be automated as much as possible. Write some code to take care of these chores, and run it when you make a new build. Disable or Eliminate Debugging Code.

Before delivering your application, make sure that your debugging code is removed or disabled. Code such as Stop; Debug.Print; Debug.Assert; should be eliminated or put into sections that won’t be invoked. For your error handler to pinpoint the exact line where an ekonomi di malaysia error occurs, add line numbers to every line of code. Obviously, this would be difficult to chick, do manually. This is one of many features in FMS’s Total Visual CodeTools. To maintain your application over time and to track changes by version, you need to document it.

Some of this can only be done manually, but automated tools can help you not only Dangers, document your application, but also detect problems that would otherwise be very difficult to detect. FMS offers many of the leading tools in this area: Access database documentation and analysis. Generates complete object and code cross-reference. V Virus! Know where procedures and variables are used. Detects over of Smoking 100 types of chick errors and suggestions including unused objects, unused code, procedures without error handling, procedures that should be private, and much more. Code Builders to simplify writing code such as new procedures with custom error handling, SQL string converters, and more. The Code Cleanup feature standardizes code indentations, adds comments and error handling, sorts procedures, and so on.

It also adds line numbers to your code. Separately, FMS also offers source code libraries that eliminate the need to write a lot of code from scratch. Lots of time period professionally written, tested, and documented code that you can use royalty-free. Add your own code into the system’s sophisticated code repository to easily share code among your development team. FMS also offers related tools for chick v virus, Visual Studio .NET and Dangers, SQL Server developers. Hopefully, the tips and techniques presented here will help you create better Access and Visual Basic 6.0 applications faster. Access and Visual Basic 6.0 offer extremely powerful and flexible debugging tools and you should take advantage of them to minimize the time between discovering an error and fixing it. Chick! With the proper error handling methodology and delivery preparation with line numbers, you can also debug and fix errors in sistem islam di malaysia, deployed applications.

Happy application developing! For more information, see the following resources: Luke Chung founded FMS, Inc., in v virus, 1986 to provide custom database solutions. He has directed the company’s product development and consulting services efforts as the database industry evolved. In addition to other for careful, being a primary author and designer of many FMS commercial products, Luke has personally provided consulting services to a wide range of clients. A recognized database expert and highly regarded authority in the Microsoft Access developer community, Luke was featured by Microsoft as an chick Access Hero during the Access 10-year anniversary celebration.

Luke is a popular speaker at conferences in of Smoking Essay, the US and v virus, Europe, and has published many articles in industry magazines. He is a past president of the Washington, DC chapter of the Entrepreneurs Organization (EO Network), serves on the Fairfax County School Superintendent's Community Advisory Council, and sistem ekonomi islam, is a graduate of Harvard University with Bachelor and Master Degrees in Engineering and Applied Sciences.

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