Analysis of Food Insecurity Among Hispanics Essay examples

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Management Essays - Home Depot Management. Analyse the organisational culture of Home Depot around the Insecurity Essay examples, time that Marcus stepped down. Analyse the and effect, organisational culture of Home Depot around the time that Marcus stepped down and Blank became the CEO of Home Depot in 1997, and contrast this with the culture in the company around 2003, when the new CEO, Nardelli was three years into his change strategy in the company using one or more appropriate frameworks from the Analysis Essay, literature. Within your answer attempt to draw conclusions on Essay Tension in South Sudan whether the prevailing culture contributed to the problems that the company started experiencing in of Food Among Essay the late 1990's. When Bernard Marcus stepped down as CEO in what is gas 1997, Home Depot had a distinctive culture, based on personal rapport and involvement he and co-founder Arthur Blank had with employees. Marcus and Blank are opposites in many ways. Marcus is gregarious and outgoing, whilst Blank is a detailed number man (Johnson 1998). The two both emphasised customer service, however, encouraging sales staff to help customers with their hardware problems instead of just trying to sell them a tool (Johnson 1998). To accomplish this, most sales people were plumbers, contractors, carpenters, or others with similar handy experience (Johnson 1998). Marcus and Blank believed this expert advice would help empower homeowners to do their own work, and subsequently would grow Home Depot's potential market, a strategy that proved successful (Johnson 1997).

Culturally Home Depot was described as a laissez-faire or cowboy culture from its founding through 2000 (Pascual 2001; Sellers 2002). Individual sales people were encouraged to Insecurity Among examples, make decisions, even if it meant making a mistake (Johnson 1998). Local managers made many of the nike rt, decisions for their stores independently of the main office. Analysis Insecurity Hispanics Essay? Buying was similarly left up to individual regional managers, who each negotiated separate supply contracts, resulting in different terms from region to region and in some cases from store to store (Pascual 2001). The co-founders used to boast that the chapter on exchange merchandising in Analysis of Food Among Hispanics Home Depot's policy manual didn't have a single word in and Friction in South Sudan it (Sellers 2002, 93). Almost all jobs above entry level were filled internally, causing a system of personal networks to dominate communication within the Analysis of Food Insecurity Essay examples, company (Stein 2000). This was further reinforced by senior management, who managed by regularly visiting stores to develop personal relationships with workers and check store operations (Stein 2000). Nineteen By Jodi Picoult? Co-founders Marcus and Blank trained every manager personally (Sellers and Woods 1996). Employees were encouraged to buy stock, and offered it at a discount price, to Hispanics examples, give them personal investment in Home Depot's success (Sellers and Woods 1996).

By the time Blank succeeded Marcus as CEO in 1997, Home Depot was becoming too large for its informal culture. Blank tried to rectify this situation by coca organizational chart adding an additional level of executives directly below himself and above the six division heads, a move questioned by Analysis Insecurity Among Hispanics Essay many (Johnson 1998). He tried to maintain Home Depot's traditional culture, whilst formalising decision-making and communication systems, a plan that was unsuccessful. In his three years in charge, things went from bad to worse. By 2000, stock prices were down, net income and same stores sales were slowing, customer service varied widely from store to store, and inventories were ballooning (Sellers 2002). Because Home Depot has simply continued to expand without adjusting its internal systems, the main office was not able to either monitor or support the increasing number of stores (Johnson 1998).

Home Depot needed to change both its systems and its culture to sustain growth. Culture is what solidifies a company's identity as one organization; without it, a company lacks direction, values and purpose (Goffee and Jones 1996). It is the way people relate to each other in a given community. Like families, villages, schools, and clubs, businesses rest on patterns of social interaction that sustain them over time or are their undoing (Goffee and Jones 1996, 134). Goffee and Jones (1996) see two main components that create community, sociability and solidarity. Sociability is the communication and sincere friendship relationships between community members, whilst solidarity is how quickly and effectively the nike rt, community can and will pursue its common objectives. Examining these two variables results in a networked, mercenary, fragmented, or communal community (Goffee and Jones 1996). Importantly, none is necessarily better than the other, but each has been found to be more effective in specific situations. The culture at Home Depot before Nardelli took over was what Goffee and Jones (1996) would call a networked community. Managers had little accountability, worked things out on of Food Among their own, and depended on social contacts for getting much of their jobs done (Upbin 2000). There was not enough investment in company-based initiatives; headquarters lacked clout to muslim of spain, implement change in Analysis of Food Among examples many stores (Upbin 2000).

Networked communities provide a flexibility that allows employees to nike rt, cut through or circumvent bureaucracy, something that can be helpful in a rapidly growing company if not taken to extremes. However, because there is little commitment to shared business objectives, employees in networked organizations often contest performance measures, procedures, rules, and systems, the very things Home Depot needed by the late 1990s due to its mammoth size (Goffee and Jones 1996, 138). Trying to maintain this networked community whilst introducing its antithesis, systems and structure, was Blank's undoing. Such actions typically consolidate workplace friendships but do little for organizational solidarity, and often cause political cliques to form against the person or persons trying to implement change (Goffee and Jones 1996, 138). Home Depot's culture can also be considered through a Force Field analysis, which reveals several components of its culture likely to work against change (Johnson and Insecurity Among, Scholes 2002). As stated earlier, almost all of Home Depot's employees above entry level had been promoted from within, leaving the what exchange, company with managers and Insecurity Essay, executives who not only excelled in its loose environment but most likely preferred it (Stein 2000).

Many had worked at Home Depot for years, moving up through the ranks, and were heavily invested in its culture (Stein 2000). Not surprisingly, when Nardelli began making changes in nike rt the early 2000s, many employees were unwilling or unable to Analysis of Food Insecurity Among Hispanics examples, follow, and the company lost nearly two-thirds of senior managers, who either quit or were fired (Seller 2002). Nardelli then bucked company culture by hiring outside personnel to Essay about and Friction in South Sudan, replace them, allowing him to Insecurity Among Hispanics Essay, make needed changes in muslim the company's culture and systems. Force Field analysis dictates that making personnel changes such as these would greatly reduce the cultural deterrents to change at Home Depot, an analysis that proved true (Johnson and Scholes 2002). Robert Nardelli began to make changes almost immediately after he took over in late 2000, attempting to both make the of Food examples, company more efficient and economically viable and to picoult, move its culture from a networked community to a communal one. A communal community is much like a networked community in that it has high sociability amongst its members, but unlike a networked community it also has high solidarity, which allows community members to focus on common goals and accept changes necessary to Analysis of Food Among examples, reach those goals (Goffee and Jones 1996). Nardelli altered the cowboy culture at nike rt, Home Depot by changing the emphasis to discipline and efficiency, implementing and Insecurity Among Hispanics examples, centralizing systems throughout the company and installing a formal chain of command for handling situations (Pascual 2001; Tsao 2002). He brought quality control measures from his prior experience at General Electric, such as Sigma Six, to Sudan, Home Depot and demanded a higher level of customer service and job performance (Sellers 2002). Instead of of Food Among Hispanics Essay emphasizing his personal relationships with employees, as Marcus did for cause example through personally training managers, Nardelli developed systems, in the case of training instituting a leadership training institute at the company (Sellers 2002).

(b) What were the specific procedural and control system changes made by Nardelli, which impacted on Home Depot's culture? Do you think that as an of Food Among Hispanics outsider Nardelli was in a better position to bring in cultural reforms at the company? Critically discuss. Most of Nardelli's initial changes at rule, Home Depot involved systems and centralisation. Headquarters went from being looked upon as sales support to being a true main office, overseeing and controlling company operations (Pascual 2001). Buying was moved from separate functions at Analysis of Food Insecurity Among Essay examples, each of the company's nine regional offices to a central office in its Atlanta headquarters. This improved the company's margins and nike rt, reduced the number of Analysis suppliers.

Gross margins improved an entire percentage point, a significant accomplishment for a retailer (Revell 2003). Personnel evaluations were standardised throughout the nike rt, company. Before Nardelli, individual stores used over 157 different employee appraisal forms, many that they had designed themselves (Sellers 2002). Of Food Among Examples? This was changed to a 360 degree appraisal method which required only two forms and was the same at cause and effect dominoes, every store and at of Food Among Essay, headquarters. Employees now receive pay increases based on their overall performance ratings measured on such evaluations (Sellers 2002). Managerial training at each store was replaced by the leadership training institute in Atlanta (Sellers 2002). Nineteen By Jodi Picoult? An additional item of streamlining was removing Blank's additional layer of management and passing areas of responsibility assigned to them back to the regional managers (Pascual 2001). He additionally mandated changes in how stores operated. Stores interiors were brightened and made more attractive, whilst a standardisation of merchandising improved displays (Cardona 2003).

Advertising and web presence were also revamped, and the company began to court the female customers it was rapidly loosing to competitor Lowe's, increasing the number of Analysis Insecurity Essay how-to clinics in areas of what is gas women's interests and of Food Insecurity Among Essay examples, more clearly marking item locations (Cardona 2003). Stores were required to operate according to company-wide regulations in many areas, such as moving restocking activities to in South Sudan, nights to improve safety and customer service (Pascual 2001). Nardelli also changed the Insecurity Essay, company's cash-return policy, which many saw as an unalterable part of Home Depot culture. However, the looseness of the policy led to widespread abuse; a customer could return any item bought from Home Depot at Political in South, anytime for a full cash refund with no receipt or proof of purchase was required. Nardelli required a receipt for cash back and placed a time limit on returns. While many of the old guard at Home Depot protested strongly, the Analysis of Food Among examples, new policy is predicted to save Home Depot over ten million dollars annually (Sellers 2002). Obviously, these changes impacted culture in addition to operations at is gas exchange, Home Depot.

Store managers and regional division heads were no longer free to ride the range as cowboys doing their own things. Insecurity Examples? The informal network culture that comprised much of how things were done at Home Depot was replaced by structured, centralised systems more in line with a communal community (Goffee and coca, Jones 1996). Fortunately Nardelli realised the importance of continuing to solicit, value and use suggestions from all levels of the Insecurity examples, company, and included in his plan communication systems from the store level to headquarters and vice versa (Pascual 2001). Political Sudan? However, the solidarity requirements of the of Food Insecurity Essay examples, new community structure required decisions and implementation of decisions to come from a top-down position, with individual managers now mandated to work through established, formal channels and face repercussions if they tried to circumvent them (Pascual 2001). About Political Tension And Friction? Not all Home Depot personnel were supportive of such changes, but eventually everyone either got on Insecurity Among Hispanics examples board or left (Sellers 2002). Coming in as an cause and effect dominoes outsider was a tremendous benefit to Nardelli in successfully implementing such drastic company-wide changes, and in such a short time. From a stakeholder standpoint, there were those who were invested in the cultural aspects of Home Depot and those invested in the financial aspects, with some in both camps. Of Food Insecurity Among Hispanics Essay? Stakeholders are those people who both depend on the organisation to fulfil their own goals and on whom, in turn the organisation depends (Johnson and organizational chart, Scholes 2002, 206). Of Food Among Hispanics? In this case there was conflict between the desires of by jodi picoult employees to maintain a culture they valued and the desires of shareholders and the board to improve returns and safeguard the long-term financial stability of the Analysis Insecurity Among Hispanics examples, organisation.

Someone within the company would have a difficult time responded to the needs of both parties, and making the difficult decisions that sometimes favoured one or the nineteen, other. From a Force Field analysis, it was also beneficial to Nardelli to be an outsider. As noted earlier, if someone had come up through the ranks at Home Depot, he or she would have undoubtedly both favoured and reinforced the loose culture of its first twenty years. Analysis Of Food Hispanics Essay Examples? He or she would have also already been a part of the social networks on which the company operated, and is gas exchange, would have been less likely to damage such networks or be able to force change through them. Force Field analysis indicates that such barriers as exists in a network community are unlikely to be removed by an insider (Goffee and Jones 1996). Robert Nardelli, coming from a different and highly disciplined culture at General Electric, was in a better position to make such changes. 2. (a) Use elements of the change kaleidoscope to Analysis of Food Among Hispanics, identify which of the contextual features of change were particularly important for coca chart Nardelli, to consider when approaching the implementation of his vision for Insecurity Hispanics Essay examples change in 2000.

The change kaleidoscope model comprises design choices in the centre, surrounded by change contexts (Bradford 2002, 20). Eight change contexts are typically considered, scope, time, power, readiness, capacity, capability, uniformity, and preservation (Bradford 2002). Change is so complex that it is impossible to nineteen picoult, create a specific formula for it, but considering each of these factors and the relationships between them can assist in change analysis. Nardelli needed to consider each of these change contexts when he arrived at Home Depot. The scope of changes he needed to implement was company-wide. Many of the changes required centralisation of company functions and Analysis of Food Insecurity Hispanics examples, implementation of accountability and specific systems. Muslim? Changes of this scope requires the support from workers throughout the company and at of Food Insecurity Hispanics examples, all levels, something Nardelli could not count on given the tremendous cultural changes these operational changes would cause.

He was wise to hold town-meetings to discuss upcoming changes and get local store employees on cause dominoes board, to Analysis Insecurity Among examples, continue visiting stores and soliciting input from floor-level employees, in addition to keeping some visible markers of Home Depot, such as the orange aprons (Sellers 2002). These actions helped bring some on board necessary to implement changes of this scope. Time was of the essence for several reasons. Rival Lowe's was gaining market share (Pascual and Berner 2000). Home Depot's stock prices had dropped, other financial numbers were weakening and same-store sales stagnating when Nardelli took over (Revell 2003). Changes had to happen quickly to turn the company around, otherwise Home Depot risked losing its positioning and nike rt, market dominance. Moving quickly also improved the of Food Insecurity Among Hispanics, chances of support from both major groups of stakeholders. Political And Friction Sudan? Board members and shareholders would see him doing something, whilst store workers are more likely to Analysis Insecurity Among examples, accept changes with a leadership change than several years down the road (Johnson and Scholes 2002). Being in his honeymoon period also gave Nardelli increased power. He had something of and effect a board order to make changes, and current employees had a vested interest, particularly coming from a culture that relied on social networks, to get on Analysis of Food Insecurity Among Hispanics examples the good side of the new boss.

Nardelli was further able to bring in Political Tension and Friction Sudan personnel from outside Home Depot, many from his place of cultural foundation, General Electric, to assist him in Analysis of Food solidifying his power base and implementing planned changes (Pascual 2001). As his power increased, this made it easier to implement changes more quickly and of a broader scope. New personnel also increased the readiness of Home Depot, as did to some extent Nardelli's communication in town meetings and the like. Most employees from the old administration were neither aware nor committed to coca cola chart, widespread changes at Insecurity Among Hispanics Essay examples, Home Depot (Sellers 2002). Employees in this mindset are often likely to sabotage or circumvent changes, as they had done to by jodi picoult, some extent under Arthur Blank (Bradford 2002). Nardelli first convince staff of the need for change through his various communication tactics, with some success. Analysis? He additionally brought in new personnel at executive levels who had an awareness of needed changes. He simply required those who were unwilling to coca organizational chart, commit to the needed changes to come on board or leave (Sellers 2002). Given the Analysis of Food Among Essay examples, external pressures on Home Depot at the time, he had little other choice (Revell 2003). Capacity, on the other hand, was not a problem at Home Depot.

Although financial numbers had begun to fall, the company was still financially strong, with significant capital resources (Sellers 2002). The company owned many of Political Tension in South Sudan its stores outright, and had developed means of erecting a new store with a relatively small capital expenditure. Growth had consistently increased profits, at a larger or smaller percentage, for the past twenty years, and the company boasted one of retail's lowest capital to debt ratios (Sellers 2002). The company had a reasonably solid group of workers, with the Insecurity, financial means to replace personnel as needed. Capability, however, depended largely on people and was therefore more of a question. Capability requires the necessary skills and nike rt, abilities amongst a company's staff to manage planned changes (Bradford 2002). Since so many of Home Depot's managers and executives had come up through the stores, not all of Analysis of Food Insecurity Hispanics examples them had the experience of rule training to of Food Essay, implement changes outside how they were used to working (Stein 2000). This was solved by Nardelli through creation of the leadership training institute and by brining in executives from coca cola outside Home Depot. An even bigger problem for Nardelli was the lack of uniformity within the Insecurity Among Hispanics Essay, company.

Each manger ran his or her store the coca chart, way he or she wanted; each regional division head ran his or her area as he or she best saw fit. There was almost no systemic uniformity in operations from store to store or region to region. This meant almost everyone at Home Depot somehow had to change the way they did business for the changes to be successfully implemented. Preservation, maintaining the existing elements valued within the Hispanics Essay, organisation, seemed less of a priority for Nardelli than did righting the company, as he considered every aspect of the company as a potential area of change and then made the changes he felt were necessary, regardless of their ties to nike rt, Home Depot's past. (b) What change design choices were indicated (or constrained ) by critical contextual features identified above? Were these indicated design choices reflected in Insecurity Among the change strategy actually adopted during the transition to the new organisational arrangements and procedures in Home Depot after 2000? Within your answer indicate whether or not you think the what exchange, criticisms against Nardelli were justified and evaluate his effectiveness in managing change over the period described in the case. Change design was influence by scope, time, and power factors, and constrained by readiness, capability and Hispanics, uniformity. Changes other than the widespread centralisations and standardisations implemented by Nardelli would not have addressed the needs of Home Depot, nor would they have been likely to have been followed by staff at the store level.

Time and power were also critical, and influenced each other (Bradford 2002). External factors necessitated Nardelli making changes at Home Depot in a short period of nineteen by jodi picoult time. As Nardelli increased his power within the of Food Insecurity Hispanics Essay examples, company, he could implement changes more quickly, and cola chart, similarly move the company towards a communal community at a greater pace. However, he was impeded by the low level of readiness and capability within the of Food Insecurity Among Hispanics, company. The change target that Nardelli faced, the collection of behaviours that needed to be changed, was significant for minutes picoult many employees (Bradford 2002). Workers at all levels of the company had to be motivated to buy into and follow through with the planned changes.

Had Nardelli tried to simply strong-arm the changes into place without any attempt to involve employees or at least acknowledge the social network community under which they operated, he would have likely faced widespread mutiny and lost his job. By insisting on changes but honouring social networking, even though it would eventually need to be adapted, he brought a number of his staff into an awareness of the need for changes and subsequent willingness to commit to those changes (Sellers 2002). Nardelli was able to solidify both his power base and those in positions of implementing change by bringing in executives from his own culture and Analysis Among Hispanics Essay examples, social network at General Electric (Tsao 2002). He additionally mentored and worked individually with key personnel within the minutes, company to be sure they were invested and on board with his proposed plans, reassuring their cultural pattern of social network. Eventually, longer-time employees at Home Depot committed to the change plans, displaying an increased readiness and capability. Essay Examples? Those unwilling to accept the cause and effect, need for change or commit to of Food Among Essay examples, it were pushed out or resigned over Nardelli's first year or two (Seller 2002). Lack of uniformity at Home Depot required that changes be from the top down, both so they would be implemented and so they would be implemented in the same way from rule of spain store to store (Pascual 2001).

This directive approach also countered initial resistance from Insecurity Among Essay workers used to what is gas, doing things their own way and being rewarded by their superiors for taking entrepreneurial risks (Johnson 1998). Analysis Among Hispanics Examples? Since directives were coming from the rule of spain, top, rather than bubbling up from the Insecurity Among examples, bottom or sliding side to side as they had previously, Nardelli's mentoring of executives and managers with executive potential, in addition to replacing key staff at the executive level, ensured a level of solidarity at is gas, the upper management level needed for his change plans (Pascual 2001). This solidarity amongst management rendered old methods of circumventing directives through who one knew as ineffective. Nardelli required stores to use the new systems, if they didn't they didn't receive inventory or other needed supplies (Revell 2003). He was therefore able to require compliance for workers to be able to continue working and Hispanics examples, succeeding at their jobs. Many criticised Nardelli for what is gas what changes he made and how quickly he made them. Pascual (2001) reports one former senior vice-president complained the of Food Insecurity Hispanics examples, changes being implemented both damaged worker morale and were counter-cultural to Home Depot. Almost two-thirds of the senior managers, such as this man quoted, were unsupportive enough of the of spain, changes to leave the Analysis Among, company or be fired (Sellers 2002).However, if one considers the lack of uniformity and deteriorating systems (of what systems there were) at Home Depot, the scope of Nardelli's changes was necessary.

Specific changes were also vital to Home Depot's ability to Political and Friction, sustain growth. The company simply could not keep on adding new stores without some centralisation of systems and standardisation of procedures. To not act meant undermining many of the good things, like customer service, that had traditionally been part of the Home Depot equation but had slipped in recent years (Upbin 2000). Many stakeholders within the company felt he was also trying to make changes too quickly (Nardelli, Sellers and of Food Among Essay examples, Schlosser 2004). Cola? Others believed the changes were being implemented too swiftly; some even accused him of trying to make Home Depot into Analysis Insecurity Among Essay examples, General Electric overnight (Nardelli, Sellers and Schlosser 2004).

Some Wall Street analysts were amongst this group, and their opinions led to a rapid dropt in the company stock, which decreased almost by nike rt half in of Food Insecurity Essay examples Nardelli's first year (Revell 2003). Time has shown the wisdom of Nardelli's plan, however. Nike Rt? Home Depot has weathered both a high level of internal and external change, and has emerged with increased profits, reduced expenses, and one of the lowest rates of employee turnover in the US retail sector (Nardelli, Sellers and Schlosser 2004). Insecurity Essay Examples? Apparently, the employees at Home Depot have embraced these changes on the long-term, allowing the continued success of such measures within the company. Problems with readiness, capability, and uniformity have decreased significantly, as have barriers to future change indicated through Force Field analysis. All these factors both support the changes made by Nardelli and bode well for future changes that may need to be implemented at Home Depot. Bradford (2002) Leave the ready-made solutions on the shelf. Nike Rt? Strategic Direction, June 2002, Vol. 18, Issue 6, pp. 19-21. Cardona, M. (2003) Home Depot revamps results.

Advertising Age, November 24, 2003, Vol. 74, Issue 47, pp. 1-2. Analysis Insecurity Hispanics Examples? Goffee, R. and minutes by jodi, Jones, G. (1996). Holds the Analysis of Food Insecurity Hispanics Essay, Modern Company Together? Harvard Business Review, Nov/Dec96, Vol. 74, Issue 6, pp. 133-48. Harris, N. (1997) Home Depot: Beyond Do-It-Yourselfers. Business Week, June 30, 1997, Issue 3533, pp. 86-89.

Howell, D. (2000) Home Depot unveils e-strategy, refines stores and product. DNS Retailing Today, June 19, 2000, pp. 4-5. Johnson, J., (1997) Bernard Marcus. Nike Rt? Discount Merchandiser, March 1997, Vol.

37, Issue 3, pp. Of Food Among Hispanics? 22-23. Johnson, R. (1998) Home Depot Renovates. Fortune, November 23, 1998, Vol. 138, Issue 10, pp. Picoult? 200-207. Johnson, G. and Scholes, K. 2002. Exploring Corporate Strategy.

Harlow: Prentice-Hall. Nardelli, B., Sellers, P. and Insecurity Essay examples, Schlosser, J. (2004) It's his Home Depot now. Fortune, September 20, 2004, Vol. 150, Issue 6, pp. 115-119. What Is Gas Exchange? Pascual, A. (2001) Tidying up at Home Depot. Business Week, November 26, 2001, Issue 3759, pp. 102-103. Pascual, A. and Berner, R. (2000) Can Home Depot Get its House in Order? Business Week, November 27, 2000, Issue 3709, pp.

70-71. Analysis Of Food Insecurity Among Essay? Revell, J. (2003) Can Home Depot Get Its Groove Back? Fortune, February 3, 2003, Vol. 147, Issue 2, pp. 110-113. Sellers, P. (2002) Something to Prove. Fortune, June 24, 2002, Vol.

145, Issue 13, pp. 88-95. Sellers, P., Woods, W. (1996) Can Home Depot Fix Its Sagging Stock? Fortune, March 4, 1996, Vol. 133, Issue 4, pp. 139-144.

Stein, N. Muslim? (2000) Winning the war to keep top talent. Analysis Of Food Among Essay Examples? Fortune, May 29, 2000, Vol. By Jodi? 141, Issue 11, pp. 132-137. Tsao, A. (2002) Reading Home Depot's Fuzzy Blueprint. Business Week Online, June 4, 2002. Upbin, B. (2000) Profit in a Big Orange Box. Of Food Hispanics Essay Examples? Forbes, January 24, 2000, Vol.

165, Issue 2, pp. Minutes? 122-128.

The 7 stages of business life cycle. Just in Time Management Group. Your business is changing. With the passage of time, your company will go through various stages of the Analysis Insecurity Among Essay, business life cycle. Learn what upcoming focuses, challenges and financing sources you will need to succeed. A business goes through stages of development similar to the cycle of life for the human race. Parenting strategies that work for your toddler cannot be applied to your teenager. The same goes for your small business. It will be faced with a different cycle throughout its life.

What you focus on coca today will change and require different approaches to of Food Among examples, be successful. The 7 Stages of the Business Life Cycle. The seed stage of your business life cycle is by jodi when your business is just a thought or an idea. This is the very conception or birth of a new business. Challenge : Most seed stage companies will have to overcome the Insecurity examples, challenge of market acceptance and pursue one niche opportunity. Do not spread money and time resources too thin.. Focus : At this stage of the business the focus is on matching the by jodi, business opportunity with your skills, experience and passions. Other focal points include: deciding on of Food Insecurity Essay a business ownership structure, finding professional advisors, and business planning. Coca? Money Sources : Early in of Food Among examples, the business life cycle with no proven market or customers the coca cola chart, business will rely on cash from owners, friends and family.

Other potential sources include suppliers, customers, government grants and banks. Just in Time Management facts learned during assignments : In the Essay examples, seed stage, we have noticed many times that completion of a business plan is the biggest success factor for an emerging company. A good evaluation of the cola organizational, need of cash for the coming months is critical. During the first months, the Analysis of Food Insecurity Among Hispanics Essay examples, company is going to develop its business model without getting revenue from sales. Cause And Effect Dominoes? There are multitudes of good ideas when attempting to Analysis Among examples, launch a company. But in order to be successful, the young company will need visionary managers with assiduity and flexibility in order to dynamically adapt the business model to stay in line with rapid market evolution. Launching a company and assessing the about Political Tension in South Sudan, business model will often consume the Analysis of Food Hispanics Essay examples, equity invested by what exchange the owners. During the of Food Essay, seed stage, the young company could readily prepare a tree year plan in order to convince new shareholders to support the chart, next phases of development. Just in Time Management services to consider : Market research to of Food Insecurity Among examples, keep in pace with the market demand Business Plan design Support the rule of spain, young company in its negotiations with the of Food Hispanics Essay, banks or other financial sources. Your business is born and now exists legally.

Products or services are in production and you have your first customers. Challenge : If your business is in the start-up life cycle stage, it is likely you have overestimated money needs and the time to market. Cause And Effect? The main challenge is not to burn through what little cash you have. You need to learn what profitable needs your clients have and do a reality check to see if your business is on the right track. Focus : Start-ups require establishing a customer base and market presence along with tracking and conserving cash flow. Money Sources : Owner, friends, family, suppliers, customers, grants, and banks. Just in Time Management facts learned during assignments : At this stage, the of Food Insecurity Essay, entrepreneur should put all his energy in the project. Time to cause dominoes, market is essential.

This is the of Food Insecurity, risk zone. 25% of the nineteen by jodi picoult, start-ups do not reach their fifth anniversary. During the start-up stage, the Analysis Among Essay, budget best be revised often. More cash might be needed than expected. Unpredictable circumstances often affect plans and business model. Figures should be adapted quickly. If more cash is needed, banks are less and less a solution. Public institutions can leverage equity increase. Organizational Chart? Venture capital inflow is not easily negotiable.

Just in Time Management services to consider : Support coaching of the CEO and board of directors Complete Business Marketing Plan Assistance in negotiations for Analysis Among Essay examples, capital increase. Your business has made it through the toddler years and is now a child. Revenues and customers are increasing with many new opportunities and issues. Profits are strong, but competition is Tension surfacing. Challenge : The biggest challenge growth companies face is dealing with the constant range of issues bidding for more time and money. Effective management is required and a possible new business plan. Learn how to train and delegate to Insecurity Among, conquer this stage of development. Focus : Growth life cycle businesses are focused on running the business in a more formal fashion to deal with the increased sales and customers. Better accounting and management systems will have to be set-up.

New employees will have to be hired to deal with the influx of business. Money Sources : Banks, profits, partnerships, grants and leasing options. Just in Time Management facts learned during assignments : The most successful entrepreneurs are masters in finding knowledgeable brains to complement his/hers DIY approach. They team up with a kindred spirit leaving each other enough space to maneuver in a common agreed upon nike rt strategy resulting from business facts. It requires maturity to surround oneself with brighter actors in less mastered domains providing empowered strategic framing. To stay ahead of the Analysis Insecurity Among Hispanics, competition, innovation will need to find a breeding ground, as this together with sales marketing are the only money makers growth busters in any one company no matter seize. It is a fact though that 67% of innovation stems from outside input either by addressing opinion leaders as a soundboard or external advisers helping to implement same. Sales Marketing are like fire and water and need to be blended through business development which is the missing link to a successful go to market commercial strategy. Using an external business development organization will dazzle competition and amaze exceed customer expectation.

Just in Time Management services to consider : External assistance with proven return of joint initiative will boost your R.O.I. Your business has now matured into what is gas, a thriving company with a place in the market and loyal customers. Sales growth is not explosive but manageable. Business life has become more routine. Challenge : It is Analysis of Food Insecurity Hispanics far too easy to nineteen, rest on your laurels during this life stage. Analysis Insecurity Among Hispanics Examples? You have worked hard and is gas, have earned a rest but the marketplace is relentless and competitive. Stay focused on the bigger picture. Issues like the economy, competitors or changing customer tastes can quickly end all you have work for. Focus : An established life cycle company will be focused on improvement and productivity. To compete in an established market, you will require better business practices along with automation and Analysis of Food Hispanics, outsourcing to improve productivity. Money Sources : Profits, banks, investors and by jodi, government.

Just in Time Management facts learned during assignments : It is difficult to Analysis of Food Insecurity examples, accept for successful CEO’s, who have had confirmation that their original ideas worked well, now need to reassess wheter their original project is still optimal to satisfy customers needs their operating model is still the most efficient to maximize profitability and long-term development This “rethinking the rule of spain, model” phase is essential before additional growth is possible. The company has changed significantly due to business volumes: what was informal yesterday becomes now more formal, what has been achieved with a few people is now achieved by a larger staff, requiring more complex communication channels and some delegation of authority. Motivation from the staff also evolved: the ambitions/expectations from the 1st time joiners are not identical to those of Analysis Hispanics Essay newcomers. The child is now becoming a young adult and the operational rules are different. Muslim Rule Of Spain? Entrepreneurial CEO’s are usually not well prepared to address such situations and external help from experienced peers might be very useful. Just in Time Management services to consider : CEO’s need quite a lot of courage to Analysis Insecurity Among Hispanics Essay, accept the chart, advice from Insecurity Essay, peers to what exchange, help them “think out of the of Food Insecurity examples, box” while everything worked well before further growth. This is why the muslim rule, help of peers will demonstrate rapidly how their seniority will be a real added value to Insecurity Among Essay, prepare the next development phase of the business. This life cycle is characterized by a new period of growth into new markets and distribution channels.

This stage is often the choice of the is gas, business owner to gain a larger market share and find new revenue and of Food Among Hispanics Essay, profit channels. Challenge : Moving into new markets requires the planning and research of a seed or start-up stage business. Focus should be on businesses that complement your existing experience and cola organizational, capabilities. Of Food Hispanics Essay Examples? Moving into unrelated businesses can be disastrous. Focus : Add new products or services to existing markets or expand existing business into new markets and customer types. Rule Of Spain? Money Sources : Joint ventures, banks, licensing, new investors and partners, profits, banks, investors and government. Just in Time Management facts learned during assignments : It is not because you are successful in Among Essay examples, your home country that this can be copy- pasted into any other.

Same goes for product and service. Many horror stories exists with financial atrocities in consequence. It is recommended to learn from these mistakes to shorten the distance between expansion challenges and it solutions as well as addressing European subsidies where possible available. Just in Time Management services to consider : Consider the organizational, impact that the size and nature of your business can have on international business. Hispanics? Then gauge commitment and nike rt, resources available within your company to begin expanding (-porting). There are some tricky questions to answer: Have you done market research on target markets? Are you aware of of Food Insecurity Hispanics current opportunities of marketing your demand on the export market (s)? Are you sure there is an coca organizational chart export market for your products or services? What is your knowledge of your potential export market competition? Has there been a sufficient production / staff to meet growing demand? To what extent are your products / services to be adapted to the export market?

Do you know the Analysis of Food Insecurity Among examples, existing constraints (licenses..) for your products / services? Does your product / service have any competitive advantage in the target market? Any idea how competitive you export will be? What Incoterms will you offer? Have you selected a payment method for your export offers? How do you deliver products locally? Did you calculate the cost of transportation (by type)? Which distribution channels do you think of? Do you already know which mix of promotional methods you can / will use? Do you have appropriate export documentation for the target market (s)? To what extent have you decided to maintain your personal contact with the customers and how?

Do you have your own website in English? Do you receive export questions or export orders via your website? Do you accept payments via your website? Does your team subscribe to Essay about Political, the expansion? Are target market languages understood, spoken and written? Year over year sales and profits tend to be stable, however competition remains fierce. Analysis Of Food Examples? Eventually sales start to fall off and a decision is needed whether to expand or exit the muslim rule of spain, company.

Challenge : Businesses in the mature stage of the Analysis Insecurity Hispanics Essay, life cycle will be challenged with dropping sales, profits, and negative cash flow. The biggest issue is how long the business can support a negative cash flow. Ask is it time to move back to the expansion stage or move on to the final life cycle stage. exit. Minutes By Jodi Picoult? Focus : Search for new opportunities and Analysis of Food Insecurity, business ventures. Cutting costs and coca cola organizational, finding ways to sustain cash flow are vital for the mature stage. Money Sources : Suppliers, customers, owners, and banks. Profits, banks, investors and Analysis Insecurity Among Hispanics Essay examples, government. Just in minutes by jodi picoult, Time Management facts learned during assignments : The maturity level of a company is a key stage of the life cycle of any company which will need the highest level of capital to go further then what a company has ever engaged into. Such a key momentum shows how lonely a CEO can be, even with a strong Management Team and Board besides him.

It is surely the stage where the of Food Insecurity Hispanics Essay, CEO mostly needs the help of a peer, not only because of the amounts taken into consideration (banks are well acquainted to help and to make profitable business . for them) but as a captain of industry, there are lots of decisions that need a sound discussion which an coca organizational chart experienced peer can share with the CEO. One of the main difficulties for any CEO is managing the short-term daily business and simultaneously addressing very long-term issues related to either acquisition or sales of an activity. This depth of expertise is really complex to Analysis of Food Insecurity Hispanics, manage where it is not acceptable to only focus on rule the long-term objectives, for it is of Food Insecurity Hispanics Essay examples requiring lots of time and management attention, as targets set might not be realized within the expected time frame. Just in Time Management services to consider : Macro market analysis related to who are the players you are competing with and understanding their business model and their level of (un)compliancy with your company Define a clear strategy of the development of cause your company (JV, acquisition, sales) In case of acquisition or sales of the company set up details of targeted companies Anonymous market approach of targeted company to Analysis Insecurity examples, assess feasibility managing the whole trade process in order to allow the Essay and Friction in South Sudan, CEO keeping managing the business. This is the big opportunity for your business to cash out on all the effort and years of hard work. Analysis Of Food Hispanics Essay Examples? Or it can mean shutting down the business. Challenge : Selling a business requires your realistic valuation. It may have been years of what is gas hard work to build the company, but what is its real value in the current market place.

If you decide to close your business, the challenge is to deal with the financial and Analysis Among Essay, psychological aspects of a business loss. Focus : Get a proper valuation on your company. Look at your business operations, management and competitive barriers to rule, make the company worth more to the buyer. Set-up legal buy-sell agreements along with a business transition plan. Money Sources : Find a business valuation partner. Consult with your accountant and financial advisors for the best tax strategy to sell or close-out down business. Just in Insecurity Among Essay examples, Time Management facts learned during assignments : Owners of middle size companies often overestimate the value of their company. The real value, and the only value of any firm, is the check an of spain entrepreneur is ready to put on the table to acquire the company. Most of the Analysis Essay examples, owners have put all their energy and time in their company without cashing too much during company lifetime. At the exit time, they might be disappointed.

Family companies with a charismatic owner are usually unprepared for a transfer where they have to stay in the company for a period of time (MBO or training of the cola chart, new owner). They are not used to delegate nor seldom inclined to shed their power gradually. When no candidates are willing to Analysis of Food Insecurity Essay examples, pay the amount hoped for, e.g. in order to avoid the foreclosure of the company, they will prompt a MBO through a member of the management team. Owners of family companies and middle sized companies can be helped considerably by Essay about Political in South Sudan advisers during the preparation of Analysis Among Hispanics Essay a transmission. When an entrepreneur, a fund, or venture capitalist, want to acquire a company, all will spend much time to evaluate the financial results. All the banks will do the same. Very few analyze the non-financial aspects of of spain a company: quality of the management, IT, production means, distribution networks, staff motivation, perfect fit between products and market demand. These non-financial elements are nevertheless essentials for Analysis Insecurity Hispanics Essay, a complete evaluation of any new acquisition. Just in Time Management services to nike rt, consider : Support coaching of the vendor Preparing the company to Analysis of Food Among Essay examples, be sold in the best conditions 360 audit including all the valuable aspects of the company for the buyer. Whether you are Chairman of the Board, CEO, Managing Director or General Manager within your company, we know that, like all executives, you are alone in the decisions you have to take.

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file help writing In most cases, the of Food Insecurity Essay, methods defined here will delegate to the associated file system provider to perform the file operations. Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object. The options parameter determines how the coca organizational, file is opened. If no options are present then it is equivalent to opening the file with the Analysis of Food Hispanics examples, READ option.

In addition to the READ option, an implementation may also support additional implementation specific options. This method opens or creates a file in exactly the manner specified by the newByteChannel method with the exception that the READ option may not be present in the array of options. Coca! If no options are present then this method works as if the CREATE , TRUNCATE_EXISTING , and WRITE options are present. In other words, it opens the file for writing, creating the file if it doesn't exist, or initially truncating an existing regular-file to a size of Analysis Among Hispanics 0 if it exists. The options parameter determines how the file is opened. The READ and cause, WRITE options determine if the file should be opened for reading and/or writing. If neither option (or the Insecurity Essay, APPEND option) is present then the file is opened for reading. By Jodi Picoult! By default reading or writing commence at the beginning of the file. In the addition to READ and Analysis Insecurity, WRITE , the following options may be present: An implementation may also support additional implementation specific options. The attrs parameter is rule optional file-attributes to set atomically when a new file is created.

In the case of the default provider, the returned seekable byte channel is a FileChannel . This method opens or creates a file in exactly the manner specified by the newByteChannel method. When not using the of Food, try-with-resources construct, then directory stream's close method should be invoked after iteration is nineteen minutes by jodi completed so as to free any resources held for the open directory. When an implementation supports operations on entries in the directory that execute in Analysis Insecurity Among Hispanics Essay, a race-free manner then the returned directory stream is a SecureDirectoryStream . For example, suppose we want to iterate over the files ending with .java in a directory: The globbing pattern is specified by the getPathMatcher method. When not using the try-with-resources construct, then directory stream's close method should be invoked after iteration is completed so as to free any resources held for the open directory. When an implementation supports operations on entries in the directory that execute in a race-free manner then the returned directory stream is a SecureDirectoryStream . When not using the try-with-resources construct, then directory stream's close method should be invoked after iteration is completed so as to muslim, free any resources held for the open directory. Where the Insecurity Among Hispanics, filter terminates due to an uncaught error or runtime exception then it is propagated to the hasNext or next method. Where an IOException is thrown, it results in the hasNext or next method throwing a DirectoryIteratorException with the IOException as the and effect, cause. When an implementation supports operations on entries in the directory that execute in a race-free manner then the returned directory stream is a SecureDirectoryStream . Usage Example: Suppose we want to iterate over the files in a directory that are larger than 8K. The attrs parameter is optional file-attributes to set atomically when creating the file. Each attribute is identified by Insecurity Hispanics examples its name . If more than one attribute of the same name is included in the array then all but the last occurrence is of spain ignored.

The attrs parameter is optional file-attributes to set atomically when creating the directory. Each attribute is identified by Analysis of Food Among its name . Is Gas! If more than one attribute of the same name is included in the array then all but the last occurrence is ignored. The attrs parameter is Analysis Insecurity Hispanics Essay optional file-attributes to set atomically when creating the nonexistent directories. What Is Gas Exchange! Each file attribute is identified by examples its name . If more than one attribute of the same name is muslim rule included in the array then all but the last occurrence is ignored. If this method fails, then it may do so after creating some, but not all, of the parent directories. The details as to how the name of the file is constructed is implementation dependent and therefore not specified. Where possible the prefix and suffix are used to construct candidate names in the same manner as the File.createTempFile(String,String,File) method. As with the File.createTempFile methods, this method is only part of a temporary-file facility. Where used as a work files , the resulting file may be opened using the DELETE_ON_CLOSE option so that the file is deleted when the appropriate close method is invoked. Alternatively, a shutdown-hook , or the File.deleteOnExit() mechanism may be used to delete the file automatically.

The attrs parameter is optional file-attributes to set atomically when creating the file. Each attribute is Analysis Insecurity Among Hispanics identified by its name . If more than one attribute of the of spain, same name is Insecurity Among Hispanics Essay examples included in nike rt, the array then all but the last occurrence is ignored. When no file attributes are specified, then the resulting file may have more restrictive access permissions to of Food Insecurity examples, files created by the File.createTempFile(String,String,File) method. This method works in exactly the manner specified by coca cola organizational the createTempFile(Path,String,String,FileAttribute[]) method for the case that the dir parameter is the temporary-file directory. The details as to Hispanics, how the name of the muslim rule, directory is constructed is implementation dependent and therefore not specified. Where possible the Insecurity Among Hispanics examples, prefix is used to construct candidate names. As with the createTempFile methods, this method is only part of a temporary-file facility. Organizational! A shutdown-hook , or the File.deleteOnExit() mechanism may be used to delete the directory automatically. The attrs parameter is optional file-attributes to set atomically when creating the directory.

Each attribute is identified by its name . If more than one attribute of the Analysis Among examples, same name is included in the array then all but the last occurrence is ignored. This method works in cause, exactly the manner specified by createTempDirectory(Path,String,FileAttribute[]) method for the case that the dir parameter is the temporary-file directory. The target parameter is the target of the link. It may be an absolute or relative path and may not exist. When the target is a relative path then file system operations on the resulting link are relative to the path of the link. The attrs parameter is optional attributes to set atomically when creating the link. Each attribute is identified by its name . Analysis Of Food Insecurity Among Hispanics Essay Examples! If more than one attribute of the cause dominoes, same name is included in the array then all but the last occurrence is ignored.

Where symbolic links are supported, but the underlying FileStore does not support symbolic links, then this may fail with an IOException . Additionally, some operating systems may require that the Java virtual machine be started with implementation specific privileges to create symbolic links, in which case this method may throw IOException . The link parameter locates the directory entry to create. The existing parameter is the path to an existing file. This method creates a new directory entry for the file so that it can be accessed using link as the of Food Insecurity Essay examples, path. On some file systems this is known as creating a hard link. Whether the file attributes are maintained for the file or for each directory entry is file system specific and therefore not specified. Typically, a file system requires that all links (directory entries) for a file be on the same file system. Furthermore, on some platforms, the Java virtual machine may require to be started with implementation specific privileges to create hard links or to create links to directories. An implementation may require to nike rt, examine the file to determine if the file is a directory.

Consequently this method may not be atomic with respect to other file system operations. If the file is a symbolic link then the symbolic link itself, not the final target of the link, is deleted. If the file is a directory then the directory must be empty. In some implementations a directory has entries for special files or links that are created when the directory is created. In such implementations a directory is considered empty when only the special entries exist.

This method can be used with the walkFileTree method to delete a directory and all entries in the directory, or an entire file-tree where required. On some operating systems it may not be possible to remove a file when it is open and in use by Analysis of Food examples this Java virtual machine or other programs. As with the delete(Path) method, an implementation may need to cause and effect dominoes, examine the file to determine if the file is of Food Insecurity Among examples a directory. Cause! Consequently this method may not be atomic with respect to other file system operations. If the file is of Food Insecurity Hispanics Essay examples a symbolic link, then the symbolic link itself, not the coca organizational, final target of the Analysis, link, is muslim rule deleted. If the file is a directory then the of Food Among examples, directory must be empty. Is Gas! In some implementations a directory has entries for Analysis of Food Among Hispanics examples special files or links that are created when the directory is created. In such implementations a directory is considered empty when only the special entries exist. On some operating systems it may not be possible to remove a file when it is open and in use by this Java virtual machine or other programs. This method copies a file to the target file with the options parameter specifying how the copy is performed. By default, the copy fails if the target file already exists or is a symbolic link, except if the source and target are the same file, in muslim rule of spain, which case the method completes without copying the Analysis of Food Insecurity Essay, file.

File attributes are not required to be copied to the target file. If symbolic links are supported, and the file is a symbolic link, then the final target of the by jodi, link is Insecurity examples copied. If the file is a directory then it creates an empty directory in the target location (entries in the directory are not copied). This method can be used with the what is gas, walkFileTree method to copy a directory and all entries in the directory, or an entire file-tree where required. The options parameter may include any of the Analysis of Food Among Hispanics, following: An implementation of this interface may support additional implementation specific options. Copying a file is not an atomic operation. If an IOException is coca cola organizational thrown then it possible that the target file is incomplete or some of its file attributes have not been copied from the source file. When the REPLACE_EXISTING option is specified and the target file exists, then the target file is replaced. The check for the existence of the file and the creation of the Analysis of Food Insecurity examples, new file may not be atomic with respect to other file system activities. Usage Example: Suppose we want to copy a file into a directory, giving it the same file name as the source file:

By default, this method attempts to rule, move the file to the target file, failing if the target file exists except if the source and target are the same file, in Analysis examples, which case this method has no effect. Muslim Rule! If the file is of Food Insecurity Among Essay examples a symbolic link then the symbolic link itself, not the target of the link, is moved. This method may be invoked to move an empty directory. In some implementations a directory has entries for special files or links that are created when the directory is Essay about Political Tension and Friction Sudan created. In such implementations a directory is considered empty when only the special entries exist. Analysis Insecurity Among Hispanics! When invoked to cause and effect, move a directory that is not empty then the Analysis Insecurity Among examples, directory is moved if it does not require moving the entries in the directory. For example, renaming a directory on the same FileStore will usually not require moving the cola, entries in the directory. When moving a directory requires that its entries be moved then this method fails (by throwing an IOException ). To move a file tree may involve copying rather than moving directories and this can be done using the copy method in of Food Insecurity Essay examples, conjunction with the Essay about Political in South Sudan, Files.walkFileTree utility method. The options parameter may include any of the of Food Among Hispanics examples, following: An implementation of this interface may support additional implementation specific options. Where the move requires that the file be copied then the last-modified-time is minutes by jodi copied to the new file.

An implementation may also attempt to copy other file attributes but is Analysis Insecurity Among Hispanics Essay not required to nike rt, fail if the file attributes cannot be copied. When the move is performed as a non-atomic operation, and a IOException is of Food Insecurity Hispanics Essay thrown, then the state of the files is not defined. The original file and the target file may both exist, the target file may be incomplete or some of its file attributes may not been copied from the original file. Usage Examples: Suppose we want to rename a file to newname, keeping the file in nike rt, the same directory: Alternatively, suppose we want to Among, move a file to new directory, keeping the same file name, and replacing any existing file of that name in the directory: If the file system supports symbolic links then this method is used to read the target of the link, failing if the file is not a symbolic link. The target of the link need not exist.

The returned Path object will be associated with the same file system as link . Once a reference to the FileStore is obtained it is implementation specific if operations on the returned FileStore , or FileStoreAttributeView objects obtained from it, continue to depend on the existence of the file. In particular the behavior is not defined for the case that the file is minutes deleted or moved to a different file store. If both Path objects are equal then this method returns true without checking if the of Food Insecurity Among Hispanics examples, file exists. If the two Path objects are associated with different providers then this method returns false . Minutes Picoult! Otherwise, this method checks if both Path objects locate the Analysis of Food Insecurity Essay examples, same file, and depending on the implementation, may require to open or access both files. If the file system and dominoes, files remain static, then this method implements an Hispanics examples, equivalence relation for non-null Paths . It is reflexive : for Path f , isSameFile(f,f) should return true . It is symmetric : for two Paths f and g , isSameFile(f,g) will equal isSameFile(g,f) . It is transitive : for three Paths f , g , and h , if isSameFile(f,g) returns true and what is gas, isSameFile(g,h) returns true , then isSameFile(g,h) will return return true . Depending on the implementation this method may require to access the file system to determine if the file is considered hidden. This method uses the Analysis of Food Insecurity Hispanics examples, installed FileTypeDetector implementations to probe the given file to about Political and Friction in South Sudan, determine its content type. Of Food Insecurity Among Examples! Each file type detector's probeContentType is invoked, in turn, to probe the file type. If the file is recognized then the content type is returned. If the file is not recognized by any of the installed file type detectors then a system-default file type detector is invoked to guess the content type. A given invocation of the nineteen minutes by jodi, Java virtual machine maintains a system-wide list of file type detectors.

Installed file type detectors are loaded using the service-provider loading facility defined by the ServiceLoader class. Installed file type detectors are loaded using the system class loader. If the system class loader cannot be found then the extension class loader is used; If the extension class loader cannot be found then the bootstrap class loader is used. File type detectors are typically installed by placing them in a JAR file on the application class path or in Analysis Insecurity Hispanics, the extension directory, the JAR file contains a provider-configuration file named java.nio.file.spi.FileTypeDetector in the resource directory META-INF/services , and the file lists one or more fully-qualified names of concrete subclass of FileTypeDetector that have a zero argument constructor. If the process of Political and Friction locating or instantiating the Analysis of Food Insecurity Among Hispanics Essay, installed file type detectors fails then an unspecified error is thrown. The ordering that installed providers are located is rule implementation specific. The return value of this method is the string form of the value of a Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) content type as defined by Analysis of Food Insecurity Essay examples RFC 2045: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies . The string is guaranteed to be parsable according to the grammar in muslim, the RFC. A file attribute view provides a read-only or updatable view of a set of of Food Hispanics Essay file attributes. Nineteen Minutes By Jodi Picoult! This method is intended to be used where the of Food Insecurity Hispanics Essay examples, file attribute view defines type-safe methods to read or update the file attributes.

The type parameter is the type of the attribute view required and the method returns an instance of that type if supported. Minutes! The BasicFileAttributeView type supports access to of Food Insecurity Among Hispanics Essay, the basic attributes of a file. Invoking this method to select a file attribute view of that type will always return an instance of that class. The options array may be used to indicate how symbolic links are handled by the resulting file attribute view for the case that the file is a symbolic link. By default, symbolic links are followed. If the option NOFOLLOW_LINKS is present then symbolic links are not followed. This option is coca cola chart ignored by implementations that do not support symbolic links.

Usage Example: Suppose we want read or set a file's ACL, if supported: The type parameter is the type of the attributes required and this method returns an instance of Analysis of Food Among Hispanics that type if supported. All implementations support a basic set of file attributes and so invoking this method with a type parameter of BasicFileAttributes.class will not throw UnsupportedOperationException . The options array may be used to indicate how symbolic links are handled for the case that the file is a symbolic link. By default, symbolic links are followed and the file attribute of the final target of the link is read. If the cause and effect dominoes, option NOFOLLOW_LINKS is present then symbolic links are not followed. It is implementation specific if all file attributes are read as an Among Hispanics examples, atomic operation with respect to other file system operations. Usage Example: Suppose we want to read a file's attributes in bulk: Alternatively, suppose we want to read file's POSIX attributes without following symbolic links: The attribute parameter identifies the attribute to nineteen minutes by jodi picoult, be set and takes the of Food Among examples, form: [ view-name : ] attribute-name where square brackets [. ] delineate an optional component and what is gas, the character ':' stands for itself. view-name is the name of a FileAttributeView that identifies a set of file attributes.

If not specified then it defaults to basic , the name of the file attribute view that identifies the basic set of Analysis of Food Among Hispanics examples file attributes common to many file systems. attribute-name is the name of the attribute within the set. The options array may be used to rule, indicate how symbolic links are handled for the case that the file is a symbolic link. Of Food Insecurity Among Hispanics! By default, symbolic links are followed and the file attribute of the about Tension and Friction in South, final target of the link is set. Insecurity Essay! If the dominoes, option NOFOLLOW_LINKS is present then symbolic links are not followed. Usage Example: Suppose we want to of Food Insecurity Among examples, set the DOS hidden attribute: The attribute parameter identifies the attribute to be read and minutes by jodi picoult, takes the of Food Insecurity, form: [ view-name : ] attribute-name where square brackets [. ] delineate an optional component and the character ':' stands for itself. view-name is the name of a FileAttributeView that identifies a set of file attributes. If not specified then it defaults to basic , the name of the file attribute view that identifies the basic set of muslim file attributes common to many file systems. attribute-name is the name of the Among Hispanics Essay, attribute. The options array may be used to indicate how symbolic links are handled for the case that the file is a symbolic link.

By default, symbolic links are followed and the file attribute of the final target of the link is read. If the option NOFOLLOW_LINKS is present then symbolic links are not followed. Usage Example: Suppose we require the user ID of the file owner on a system that supports a unix view: The attributes parameter identifies the attributes to be read and takes the rule, form: [ view-name : ] attribute-list where square brackets [. ] delineate an Analysis of Food Insecurity examples, optional component and the character ':' stands for itself. view-name is the name of a FileAttributeView that identifies a set of file attributes. If not specified then it defaults to basic , the name of the file attribute view that identifies the basic set of file attributes common to many file systems. The attribute-list component is dominoes a comma separated list of zero or more names of attributes to read. If the of Food Insecurity Hispanics Essay examples, list contains the nike rt, value * then all attributes are read. Attributes that are not supported are ignored and will not be present in the returned map. It is implementation specific if all attributes are read as an atomic operation with respect to other file system operations.

The following examples demonstrate possible values for the attributes parameter: The options array may be used to indicate how symbolic links are handled for of Food Hispanics examples the case that the file is a symbolic link. By default, symbolic links are followed and nineteen minutes by jodi, the file attribute of the Analysis Insecurity Essay examples, final target of the link is muslim read. If the option NOFOLLOW_LINKS is Analysis Insecurity Hispanics present then symbolic links are not followed. The path parameter is associated with a FileSystem that supports the PosixFileAttributeView . This attribute view provides access to file attributes commonly associated with files on dominoes, file systems used by operating systems that implement the Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) family of standards. The options array may be used to of Food examples, indicate how symbolic links are handled for the case that the file is a symbolic link.

By default, symbolic links are followed and nineteen minutes by jodi picoult, the file attribute of the final target of the link is read. If the option NOFOLLOW_LINKS is present then symbolic links are not followed. The path parameter is associated with a FileSystem that supports the PosixFileAttributeView . This attribute view provides access to file attributes commonly associated with files on file systems used by Analysis of Food Hispanics examples operating systems that implement the Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) family of standards. The path parameter is associated with a file system that supports FileOwnerAttributeView . Coca Cola Chart! This file attribute view provides access to a file attribute that is the owner of the file. The path parameter is associated with a file system that supports FileOwnerAttributeView . This file attribute view provides access to a file attribute that is the owner of the file. Usage Example: Suppose we want to make joe the of Food Insecurity Among Hispanics, owner of a file: Where is it required to distinguish an I/O exception from the case that the file is not a symbolic link then the file attributes can be read with the readAttributes method and the file type tested with the BasicFileAttributes.isSymbolicLink() method.

The options array may be used to indicate how symbolic links are handled for the case that the file is Essay Political and Friction in South a symbolic link. By default, symbolic links are followed and the file attribute of the final target of the link is read. If the option NOFOLLOW_LINKS is present then symbolic links are not followed. Where is it required to Among Hispanics Essay, distinguish an muslim rule of spain, I/O exception from the Hispanics Essay, case that the file is not a directory then the file attributes can be read with the readAttributes method and the file type tested with the BasicFileAttributes.isDirectory() method. The options array may be used to indicate how symbolic links are handled for the case that the file is a symbolic link. By default, symbolic links are followed and the file attribute of the final target of the link is read.

If the option NOFOLLOW_LINKS is present then symbolic links are not followed. Where is it required to distinguish an I/O exception from the case that the file is not a regular file then the file attributes can be read with the nike rt, readAttributes method and the file type tested with the BasicFileAttributes.isRegularFile() method. The options array may be used to Analysis of Food Hispanics Essay examples, indicate how symbolic links are handled for the case that the file is a symbolic link. By default, symbolic links are followed and the file attribute of the final target of the link is read. If the Essay Political Tension and Friction, option NOFOLLOW_LINKS is present then symbolic links are not followed. Usage Example: Suppose we want to set the last modified time to the current time: The options parameter may be used to indicate how symbolic links are handled for the case that the file is a symbolic link.

By default, symbolic links are followed. If the option NOFOLLOW_LINKS is Analysis Insecurity Among Essay examples present then symbolic links are not followed. Note that the result of this method is immediately outdated. If this method indicates the file exists then there is no guarantee that a subsequence access will succeed. Care should be taken when using this method in security sensitive applications. The options parameter may be used to Essay about and Friction in South Sudan, indicate how symbolic links are handled for the case that the file is Analysis Insecurity Among Hispanics a symbolic link. By default, symbolic links are followed.

If the option NOFOLLOW_LINKS is present then symbolic links are not followed. Note that this method is not the complement of the exists method. Where it is not possible to determine if a file exists or not then both methods return false . As with the exists method, the result of this method is immediately outdated. If this method indicates the file does exist then there is no guarantee that a subsequence attempt to create the minutes by jodi picoult, file will succeed. Care should be taken when using this method in security sensitive applications. Note that the result of this method is immediately outdated, there is no guarantee that a subsequent attempt to open the Analysis Among Essay, file for reading will succeed (or even that it will access the same file). Care should be taken when using this method in security sensitive applications.

Note that result of this method is immediately outdated, there is no guarantee that a subsequent attempt to open the file for writing will succeed (or even that it will access the same file). Care should be taken when using this method in nike rt, security sensitive applications. Depending on the implementation, this method may require to read file permissions, access control lists, or other file attributes in order to check the effective access to the file. Consequently, this method may not be atomic with respect to other file system operations. Note that the result of this method is Analysis of Food Hispanics immediately outdated, there is no guarantee that a subsequent attempt to execute the Sudan, file will succeed (or even that it will access the same file).

Care should be taken when using this method in security sensitive applications. This method walks a file tree rooted at a given starting file. The file tree traversal is depth-first with the given FileVisitor invoked for of Food Among Hispanics examples each file encountered. Political And Friction In South Sudan! File tree traversal completes when all accessible files in Analysis Essay examples, the tree have been visited, or a visit method returns a result of nineteen by jodi picoult TERMINATE . Where a visit method terminates due an of Food Among Essay examples, IOException , an uncaught error, or runtime exception, then the traversal is terminated and the error or exception is propagated to the caller of this method. For each file encountered this method attempts to read its BasicFileAttributes . If the nineteen, file is not a directory then the visitFile method is invoked with the file attributes. If the Analysis examples, file attributes cannot be read, due to an I/O exception, then the visitFileFailed method is invoked with the I/O exception. Where the file is a directory, and the directory could not be opened, then the cause and effect dominoes, visitFileFailed method is invoked with the I/O exception, after which, the file tree walk continues, by default, at the next sibling of the directory.

Where the directory is opened successfully, then the entries in the directory, and of Food Hispanics Essay examples, their descendants are visited. When all entries have been visited, or an I/O error occurs during iteration of the directory, then the nike rt, directory is Analysis Hispanics closed and the visitor's postVisitDirectory method is invoked. The file tree walk then continues, by default, at the next sibling of the directory. By default, symbolic links are not automatically followed by this method. If the options parameter contains the FOLLOW_LINKS option then symbolic links are followed. When following links, and Essay Political Tension and Friction in South Sudan, the attributes of the target cannot be read, then this method attempts to Analysis of Food Insecurity Among Essay examples, get the BasicFileAttributes of the link. If they can be read then the visitFile method is invoked with the what exchange, attributes of the link (otherwise the visitFileFailed method is invoked as specified above). If the options parameter contains the of Food Hispanics examples, FOLLOW_LINKS option then this method keeps track of directories visited so that cycles can be detected. Coca Organizational! A cycle arises when there is an entry in a directory that is an ancestor of the directory. Cycle detection is done by recording the file-key of directories, or if file keys are not available, by invoking the Insecurity Among Essay, isSameFile method to test if a directory is the same file as an ancestor. When a cycle is is gas detected it is treated as an I/O error, and the visitFileFailed method is invoked with an Analysis Hispanics, instance of FileSystemLoopException . The maxDepth parameter is the maximum number of levels of directories to visit.

A value of 0 means that only the starting file is visited, unless denied by the security manager. A value of MAX_VALUE may be used to cola chart, indicate that all levels should be visited. The visitFile method is invoked for all files, including directories, encountered at Analysis of Food, maxDepth , unless the nineteen minutes by jodi picoult, basic file attributes cannot be read, in Among examples, which case the visitFileFailed method is invoked. If a visitor returns a result of null then NullPointerException is thrown. When a security manager is installed and it denies access to a file (or directory), then it is ignored and the visitor is not invoked for that file (or directory). This method works as if invoking it were equivalent to evaluating the expression: In other words, it does not follow symbolic links, and visits all levels of the file tree.

The Reader methods that read from the file throw IOException if a malformed or unmappable byte sequence is read. The Writer methods to write text throw IOException if the text cannot be encoded using the specified charset. By default, the copy fails if the target file already exists or is a symbolic link. If the REPLACE_EXISTING option is specified, and the target file already exists, then it is replaced if it is exchange not a non-empty directory. If the target file exists and is a symbolic link, then the symbolic link is replaced. In this release, the REPLACE_EXISTING option is the only option required to be supported by this method. Of Food Insecurity Among Examples! Additional options may be supported in future releases. If an I/O error occurs reading from the input stream or writing to the file, then it may do so after the nike rt, target file has been created and after some bytes have been read or written. Consequently the input stream may not be at end of stream and may be in an inconsistent state.

It is strongly recommended that the Insecurity, input stream be promptly closed if an I/O error occurs. This method may block indefinitely reading from the input stream (or writing to the file). The behavior for the case that the input stream is asynchronously closed or the thread interrupted during the copy is highly input stream and file system provider specific and therefore not specified. Usage example : Suppose we want to capture a web page and save it to a file: If an I/O error occurs reading from the is gas exchange, file or writing to the output stream, then it may do so after some bytes have been read or written. Consequently the output stream may be in an inconsistent state. It is strongly recommended that the output stream be promptly closed if an I/O error occurs. This method may block indefinitely writing to Insecurity Among Hispanics Essay examples, the output stream (or reading from the Political in South, file).

The behavior for the case that the output stream is asynchronously closed or the thread interrupted during the Analysis Essay examples, copy is nineteen minutes highly output stream and file system provider specific and Analysis Essay examples, therefore not specified. Note that if the given output stream is Flushable then its flush method may need to invoked after this method completes so as to flush any buffered output. Note that this method is intended for simple cases where it is muslim rule of spain convenient to Analysis of Food Among Essay, read all bytes into a byte array. It is not intended for reading in large files. This method recognizes the following as line terminators: u000D followed by u000A , CARRIAGE RETURN followed by LINE FEED u000A , LINE FEED u000D , CARRIAGE RETURN. Additional Unicode line terminators may be recognized in future releases. Note that this method is intended for simple cases where it is and effect dominoes convenient to read all lines in a single operation. It is not intended for reading in large files.

Usage example : By default the method creates a new file or overwrites an Analysis Hispanics Essay examples, existing file. Political And Friction Sudan! Suppose you instead want to append bytes to an existing file: The options parameter specifies how the the file is created or opened. If no options are present then this method works as if the CREATE , TRUNCATE_EXISTING , and WRITE options are present. In other words, it opens the file for Analysis Insecurity Hispanics Essay examples writing, creating the cause dominoes, file if it doesn't exist, or initially truncating an of Food Insecurity Among Hispanics Essay examples, existing regular-file to a size of 0 . The method ensures that the file is closed when all lines have been written (or an I/O error or other runtime exception is thrown).

If an I/O error occurs then it may do so after the file has created or truncated, or after some bytes have been written to the file. Summary: Nested | Field | Constr | Method Detail: Field | Constr | Method. For further API reference and and effect, developer documentation, see Java SE Documentation. That documentation contains more detailed, developer-targeted descriptions, with conceptual overviews, definitions of terms, workarounds, and of Food Among Essay examples, working code examples.