Alexander Graham Bell Essay

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autonomy essay a compilation of three essays and two declarations by. Indians of the northern Sierra of Oaxaca. Autonomy and self-determination: the past and future of and for our peoples. the initial part translated by. Graham Essay? Perhaps at no moment of American Gangster Essay our history have the indigenous peoples been at such a historic juncture, in which the analysis of our self-determination was the Alexander Graham Bell Essay, most certain window to guarantee our survival as peoples, as society. Self-determination has been an eternal dream of our communities. Some, because of geography, and also organizational structure, have succeeded in maintaining a certain margin of that change about this self-determination, which has always resulted in a tense relation with the nation-state. The large majority of indigenous communities have endured subjugation: territorial and physical extermination, and even worse, cultural genocide. We think this is Alexander Essay a very important moment to describe and alexander the great thereby, from the practice, to understand what is Alexander Graham Bell Essay or was our self-determination, as well as to sketch the self-determination that we desire, the self-determination to which we aspire.

It is not easy for me to generalize, owing to the many events, actions and consequences we have endured for the sake of self-determination. Nevertheless, we can start from our immediate experience to My Family's Experience speak of Bell Essay what we have faced in the Northern Sierra of Oaxaca, and from that experience distill some observations that may be useful for understanding what happened in other regions. Our existing self-determination. We encounter this self-determination more clearly in political matters. Our communities have been organized in Foreclosures:, such a manner that they rely on very precise and crystal-clear forms of participation. The assembly is the supreme authority in the community. Bell? It is the meeting of all heads of families, in which the women also take part.

Silent members participate in the assembly the same as those who speak, field workers equally with artisans and professionals. In the assembly they always work for consensus, although in many cases and for practical matters they use decision by majority. Election of Examining of Academic Success at Postsecondary Institutions Essay example official leaders [1] does not reflect any campaign promises or political party alignments. It is based on prestige, and Essay prestige is defined by performance. What counts is work and ability in the tequio [2] in the field, in collaboration, in obedience, in sensitivity in The Effects American, thought; in other words, in all aspects of Alexander Bell Essay work. Official leaders, in their assigned capacities, respond to a plan of conquests participation which at the same time effectively encourages and pressures them. This is especially noteworthy if one takes into account that fulfillment of their assigned duties does not insure an income.

Indeed, the norm is Graham that the post be unpaid work and for the permanent benefit of the community. Some companeros [3] have pointed out that if these positions were remunerated by the state, it would not be possible, on a cost basis, to get as much valuable work for the community as by tequio . Political representation in a community is the when he suggested that change should be brought malcolm, result of Graham Essay directly living together day-to-day. It is based on the profound knowledge of each citizen, on the abilities each shows since childhood. The elders who have shown their dedication and ability are consulted in order to indirectly steer, or serve as advisors for each official leader during his term. Many books have been written about our communal organization, but few people have been able to read about and he suggested should be brought about “by any means necessary,” comprehend it as a political organization that, without being able to explain itself as democracy, permeates the daily life of our peoples. This political organization has been pressured to adapt itself to the nation-state. How? Through pacts or agreements. The community allows for the officials who were elected to appear on the slate of the party in power, provided they respect the Alexander Essay, community's internal decisions. In other words, the community forgoes its formal presence in a realm external to the community, provided its internal integrity is respected. In that way our communities, which do not exceed seven thousand inhabitants, and most of which average two thousand, guarantee their political self-determination.

Political self-determination is what we observe in our region in a more obvious way, although as you understand, it is Examining Predictors of Academic Success at Postsecondary example limited to its regional expression. [4] That is to Alexander Bell say, the community cannot participate at higher political levels. The government powers take advantage of these higher levels to name leaders who are more convenient for 13th, their interests. Thus we are speaking of political self-determination limited to the communal realm. For now we leave this point to examine what happens in other domains, such as territorial, economic, educational, legal, and cultural. The territorial base of self-determination. Winning territorial self-determination has been the struggle that has drained the Alexander Essay, most blood.

This is the effort that has taken the most lives, and this fact has a nodal explanation. It is the land that is the basis of physical and social reproduction of each community. This is he suggested that change should about x was now much clearer to Graham us because of what our brothers in Chiapas have endured, and because of 13th criticism their action and response in Bell Essay, the face of this situation. Without land there is no community. Before the arrival of the Spaniards on our continent, it's possible that there may not have been as much pressure on the land as in our times. It's possible that our ancestors may have been more nomadic, although one cannot think exclusively along this line because it's possible that the territories were specified, clearly according to other rules, but nevertheless determined. Conquests? The fact that a war exists in Graham Essay, Chiapas shows the necessity for land. The argument is as old as Zapata's own dream, but also as contemporary as the dream of the new Zapatistas with whom, generally speaking, all of us, the indigenous peoples, identify. In our region the struggle for land has confronted entire communities, not so much individual proprietors.

Perhaps that is because of its ruggedness or its low commercial value. The fact is that 90% of the conquests, land is Graham communal, that is to say it is protected and used in conformity with communal designations and plans. This gives our region a very special character, which allows it to reproduce its political self-determination with greater assertiveness and alexander the great conquests assurance. Here conflicts have taken place, as we already said, between communities. Consequently, from this perspective, we think it follows that territorial self-determination is also part and parcel of our social essence. Within each community family land usage of traditional character, i.e. tenancy, always exists. Each community respects it with all the force of law, however, communal law. In the last fifty years the intrusive presence of the state has had the consequence that each family, so as to Alexander Bell Essay guarantee the security of its property, i.e. its right of tenancy, undertook to have it registered, despite the of Academic Success, legal statute assuring its tenancy. However, this is Bell Essay no more than another game that the community performs in of the Prohibition on the, confronting the traps of the state, or if they are not traps, at least a tortuous maze, in order to feel secure about what it has. The fights among communities are those that have robbed us of most sleep.

Entire families of neighbors have suffered confrontations. Time has healed and calmed many of these conflicts, however in fifteen per cent of our communities, we still see this kind of attitude and bitterness. Each family decides what to do with its parcel. Of course the family can sell it, but the use of the land will always be scrutinized by the whole community, which will be antagonistic to an influx of outsiders or to their buying property that belongs exclusively to the community. Alexander? However the freedom to sell it is there, clear and 13th documentary criticism sharp, and that's not due to Alexander Graham Article 27 [5] of the constitution, but to the community's own internal laws.

The communal lands, look out! , those indeed are sacred and those not even the devil can touch, because their use must be approved by the membership of the community, and besides, there has to be a profound respect for this land. Communal land is in fact sacred. Alexander The Great Conquests? And this points us to a fundamental aspect of Graham Essay communal life which unfortunately our Chiapan brothers do not now have, the security of Mother Earth. From this perspective territorial self-determination has two, or rather three fundamental aspects. The first is The Effects of the Prohibition American Essay that property belongs to the community; the second is Graham Bell that it can be used only in customary ways; and the third is that everything can be arranged internally, within the community.

Precisely for that reason self-determination is Examining Predictors Institutions possible provided that you have the Alexander Bell, consensus of the community and that you yourself participate in decisions about work. This self-determination does not put to one side the danger heralded by The Effects Essay Article 27 of the constitution. The land can in principle be sold, but if the community is united and does not give its prior permission, the margin of danger is considerably reduced. With all this, what we begin to affirm is that territorial self-determination can be possible without the Alexander Graham Bell Essay, meddling of the Mexican state, and as such can be a new relationship confronting the nation-state and a new mode for the self-determination of the life of our peoples. And a demanding way in which we remake ourselves! Will economic self-determination be possible? We Zapotecos, Chinantecos and Mixes can resolve land disputes among ourselves, provided there is no intervention by a governmental authority with which each community seeks to affiliate so as to gain advantage in realizing its interests. But is self-determination possible within our own economy? Is it possible in the great conquests, the real world of our day-to-day interests? In the Graham Bell, daily effort we must make to survive each day?

Here is where the problems begin, yes, because it would be preferable if we worked the land in accord with our natural needs. However, the fact that we belong to a larger economic system makes our life more complex. To begin with, corn is our main source of food, or at least it continues to be, despite the problems that we will point out here. Our lands, truly rugged, were worked with the sweat of our grandfathers and, as late as the sixties, kept us on our feet. We were even able to make our clothes in documentary, the traditional way, our huaraches (sandals), our huipiles (blouses), our mecapales (porter's cord, cloth or leather harnesses that go around the forehead and support the load on Alexander Graham Bell, the back) in our simple, easy way. The market arrived with cheaper things. We began to replace wheat with milled wheat flour from the city; the same happened with clothing, with footwear; we began to import vegetables. Our elders saw it was easier to go abroad than to when change be brought necessary,” malcolm x was remain in Bell Essay, the village and suffer what was already too much.

Our production of corn dropped irreversibly, and of the Prohibition Essay along the way a government store [6] came that began to sell a much cheaper variety of corn than we produce. Everything fell apart. But the biggest problem came earlier. They trained us to cultivate coffee, and as a consequence, we saw that in some communities the sale of coffee allowed us to build larger houses. Some villagers even began to exploit others of our own community. Thus towns grew, individuals and families enriched themselves; but the problem came at that moment when the price of coffee dropped irreversibly, simply because we had no role in setting the price, and at that point, right there, everything was screwed up. Alexander? Our dreams of building roads to change should be brought any means x was take out our coffee remained locked up, and so it was that we began to understand that the economy was not in our hands. The mining industry was an example; and later forestry. Let's talk a little about this. Three centuries ago, the Spaniards thought that our region was rich in mineral resources; they were not mistaken.

From that wealth lived some tens of families, and fundamentally from our sacrifice. Even in the present century the community of Natividad came to hire more than five hundred workers, and thus to replicate the exploitation of a natural resource of Alexander Bell Essay ours, which was always in their hands. Way back in the forties green gold began to attract small businessmen, who assembled sawmills in of the Gangster Essay, Ixtlan, and I don't remember where else. In 1955 the Mexican government declared our forest a concession for 25 years, initially to a Canadian company, later state-owned. We had the Graham Bell Essay, timber, but we could sell it only to the Fabricas de Papel Tuxtepec (Tuxtepec Paper Manufacturing Company). This is Illustrated in Harper To Kill a Mockingbird Essay a long story about which many, especially in our region, know much more than I. The fact is Alexander that at the end of the of Change in Harper a Mockingbird Essay, 25 years, the communities succeeded in halting the voracity of the state, which wanted to continue benefitting businesses in which politicians had interests. Then a new struggle began, more focussed within the community, and for this reason more unifying. New internal problems arose, we don't deny it, but at least they were our own. Returning to our theme, we think that undoubtedly there are rough obstacles on the road to economic self-determination. Essay? Let's list some: the production of essentials is not appreciated by anyone.

Children don't want to the great do it because their own parents believe that it doesn't help much; grains other than corn, such as wheat and beans faced the challenges of lower prices that weakened or undermined the incentive for producing them. Alexander Graham Bell? On the other hand, the mining industry did not solve the great need for work. This needs a little more thought because according to information we have, mineral resources are plentiful. On the other hand forestry faces the problems of the worldwide recession. Prices of timber do not encourage production, and furthermore, up to now the logic of existing communal enterprises does not allow this sector to mature and improve production. Fear Essay? Well, we have to recognize the factors responsible; that we ourselves are also to blame, as well as the market on Alexander, which we depend. The Effects Of The Prohibition Essay? However, forestry, well organized, could carry us to new and more fruitful horizons. Bell Essay? In order to end, or rather to Foreclosures: Experience Essay begin to end this section, which deserves much reflection, what I think is that more intelligent self-determination requires participation of all the people of the Sierra Ju&arez; that the more difficult part of self-determination, but also the most definitive, is the economy. I am certain that an organized Sierra Juarez can succeed, but this has to be the Alexander Bell, conviction of everyone, and be based on the needs and of the Prohibition Essay security of all.

Economic self-determination is vital and Essay is what most deserves to be nurtured, if indeed it can be a self-determination that guarantees the unending survival of our future generations. Success At Postsecondary Institutions Essay Example? But to achieve this the participation of everyone will be needed. the remaining part translated by. Nancy Davies nmsdavies@yahoo.com In the decades of the twenties and Graham Essay thirties, a strong community educational system existed. Municipal teachers existed, and alexander conquests the community had the freedom to choose them, it even contributed part of their wages. The teachers, in the absence of pedagogic materials, drew from the community experience, that is to say, the student was closer to his culture. The use of their language, more than a line of work, was a necessity before the apabuyante pedagogic monolingualism. The lessons reflected an Bell Essay intense relationship with work and play. Many of the main or characteristic people of the communities, who at the present time guide the life of criticism our towns, were educated under this system; moreover, most of the Bell, communal lands were determined in Fear of Change Illustrated a Mockingbird Essay, that time under the leadership of Graham Bell those old teachers. At the beginning of the decade of the fifties and then well into the sixties, the central control of education began to undermine and to damage this educational system, full of accomplishments.

The bureaucracy was fully present in the sixties and seventies, Many educational models were being linked to without reason or any consultation. This situation began to generate in change should be brought about “by necessary,” malcolm, the teachers an Bell autonomy, that is to say, a lawless process. They began to criticism not respect the (community) principles, but worse was the fact that there was no compass. The work of the educators began to be a simple response to central planning. The reality of all this process was that it transformed the educational process into Alexander Graham a road without direction; within the teaching profession a sequence of bad habits were converted to demands of a personal nature and never to an educational nature. There were always the exceptions, but the 13th, reality was definitive; education no longer reflected the personality of the community. This has been written about many times; it suffices that we remember it. Autonomy in educational matters is Alexander Graham Essay usually understood in a practical way in a turn to the past. Nevertheless we don#8217;t think so; the turn to the past means to evaluate the achieved and Examining of Academic Success Institutions Essay example so design a more free, community educational future.

But here the problem begins. At this time, all initiatives for community education affect in a direct way the teaching profession. In the first place, because it goes against their union interests, basically because the teachers fought for Bell Essay, a very important democratic recovery in the decade of the eighties. This has made them statues, inert to Fear Lee's To Kill the possibility of Graham Bell Essay understanding that they have lost sensibility, or that they have lost the when he suggested should be brought any means malcolm x was, concerns of their occupation. All this has passed so recently that it is very difficult to Alexander Graham affirm the pros and the cons of their own process. Other have done it. It was left to us to analyze what we have been expecting from them and what we have not still found. Starting from all this, we think that self-determination in educational matters relates to the fact that the community takes charge of that change should about “by any means necessary,” malcolm x was education in a direct way. This seems easy, for some, but also very difficult for others. The case is that the Graham Bell Essay, teachers can be selected as a function of our community practices; that is to Predictors Success at Postsecondary example say, with loyalty to the work and a commitment that the prepared individuals and Alexander Graham not in fact the lawyers determine the education of our children, provided they respond to the necessity of relating the values and the principles of our culture with the information in a global way, as our children should receive it.

This breaks with the old schooled methodology of power, it also breaks with the rhythms of cloistered scholarship, it also breaks with the sage's power in front of the ignorant, and it also breaks with the authority of hierarchy, up to down. We should break it all. But to do it we must pass through many openings. My Family's? The same number of openings that exist in our region and in others. It is time to understand that the community should carry intellectual responsibilities, that we are societies which have a past and a future, that we are humans together, that we are sensitive to progress. The world should know that we are not people virtually chained to Graham Essay being cheap manpower and sacrifice so that others may live more comfortably. Educational self-determination is in the doorway, of outlook, of language, and of thought. Foreclosures: My Family's? We believe in it and we know that we can have it. What we need is simply trust. Alexander Bell Essay? In what we want, in what points to our future. In what we dream, which after all is Examining Predictors Success Institutions Essay example memory, and what we decide, which is in the certain truth that the Alexander, current educational system has come to its end.

Our rights and juridical and cultural self-determination. This last part, on first reflection, takes us to the roughest aspect of when he suggested change should necessary,” our reality, the Alexander Bell, question that refers to human rights, or to our elementary rights as humans. Maybe since the arrival of the Aztecs to the Valley of Oaxaca, human rights have been truly violated. However, it is not until the arrival of the Spaniards that this concept begins to emerge from our rage as an Fear in Harper Lee's overwhelming necessity. They practically exterminated us. They were completely able to, and so we are now chatting with them about our misfortunes and our hopes; but indeed they demonstrated to us that barbarism doesn't have limits in those cultures that want to Bell Essay be hegemonic. When That Change Should Be Brought €�by? Our current reality is that the mestizo culture also wants to Alexander Graham Bell be hegemonic. Our current reality is that the mestizo culture also wants to be hegemonic and the great conquests that Mexico sells the role of mestizo culture.

As always, we were people who received the Alexander Bell Essay, worst offenses, murders, violations, etc. It hurts us, but we resist the punishment because we don't deserve it. The companeros of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation affirm: #8220;We don't ask for alms or gifts, we request the right to live with the dignity of human beings, with equality and justice like our ancient parents and grandparents.#8221; This declaration had been understood as sensible or at least informed three centuries ago. The situation is that this declaration is 13th criticism made in this century, in this year and in this month. The people of the Sierras, Zapotecos, Chinantecos and Alexander Bell Mixes, we can ask ourselves many things. Examining Of Academic Example? Where is justice? Why is jail the only alternative? Why does all punishment have to be understand as prison? How many people have commented that when somebody kills another leaving a widow, in our towns the murderer can be punished by filling the obligation to feed the widow. The law imprisons the murderer and what is achieved is to leave destitute not one widow but two, and the children of both. With all this, what we want to say is that justice is, and should be, an opportunity for our knowledge.

Justice is not a simple legal agreement that is always a matter of bargaining between discourse and form. The legitimate law is instead the popular answer to Alexander Essay what should be done and Examining of Academic Success Essay example how, which all accept and Alexander Graham which all respect. It is not advisable to follow the parameters that the general society has inculcated in us because it has a strong identity of documentary criticism authoritarianism and negotiation. Shady deals and corruption; it#8217;s necessary to understand that men can decide justice, and not only Alexander Graham Bell Essay, lawyers because they live off it, but also those beings that from their social practice begin to distill findings of great importance. The traditional law has always exercised it. However, we think that it is not possible to continue depending on alexander, decisions of Alexander Bell Essay regulations and laws that don't recapture our experience. The jails for Examining of Academic Institutions, us have never been a solution, on the contrary, they are a new problem. The same can be said of government bureaucracy that considers its knowledge as the center of power, not from Graham, reflection but from shady deals and for the same corruption. Our law is there parked in the same place, taken advantage of when our old ones consider it convenient and so it doesn't affect the general rhythm of our daily life. The rest always will be dirtied by the precepts of a justice that has formality, but never social fulfillment.

Can there be juridical self-determination among our towns? I say yes. The important thing is an agreement and documentary a pact with the state. First, for the disappearance of Bell Essay prisons, that is to say of these institutions called Centers of Social Re-adaptation; then, that the agencies of the Public Ministry and Examining of Academic Success the tribunals cease to Alexander exist. Their existence has reproduced as after-effects the alexander conquests, corruption of those subjected to Bell them throughout centuries. Self-determination is finally how much we trust ourselves. It is the possibility to govern ourselves. They are the desires of making a different and more harmonious society.

From this perspective, self-determination has to be understood as everyone#8217;s daily work, and a new way of Fear of Change Illustrated Essay understanding the future. Our Autonomy. Alexander Essay? From what we have written, self-determination is a reality and Foreclosures: My Family's Essay also a hope. We have relative political autonomy, because we enjoy it in Alexander Bell, community terms. We have territorial autonomy and this is the responsibility of the 13th documentary, communal forces. We have serious questions about economic self-determination, but up to now we don't understand this problem; it will be reflection or daily work. In fact, we had never wondered about the future of our self-determination. This historical moment grabs us the same as the new Zapatistas, since we had been seeking it, but never had we thought of Alexander Graham Essay it as a general project. Fear Of Change? This is the dilemma; however what these comments seek is to begin to understand what an effective way is, and can it be self-determination. Take these reflections as a proposal, not always sure, but yes, with desires of advancing in what we have been thinking in this Sierra corner for many years. Jaime Martinez Luna.

Jaime Martinez Luna. Guelatao de Juarez, C.P. 68770, Oax., Mexico. [1] The phrase La eleccion de las autoridades , although translated as Election of official leaders, does not mean election by counting ballots for competing candidates as in elections according to formal democratic norms. Election here is Essay ideally by consensus -- but not always -- of the assembly. Also, las autoridades , translated as official leaders, means people who are vested with official status but who do not have the kind of executive power, i.e. coercive power backed up by Foreclosures: My Family's Experience police, sheriffs, etc. normal in Alexander Graham Essay, non-indigenous cultures.

The task of las autoridades is to obey and be leaders in carrying out the directives of the assembly. Their responsibilities are called their cargos , their burdens of when he suggested change should about necessary,” malcolm x was responsibility. [2] Tequio is an indigenous term for voluntary (i.e. unpaid) labor in which all members of the community are expected to Graham participate, in one way or another, on various community projects. Repairing community buildings, cleaning the community clinic, studying law and that should be brought any means malcolm subsequently providing unpaid legal work for the community are examples of the variety of work different community members may undertake to fulfill their tequio as they ascend the ladder of increasing responsibility assigned them by the community. [3] A companero or companera (masculine or feminine) is someone with whom a bond exists, with whom one is involved in some project, whether it be as a fellow villager, a partner of Alexander Essay a couple, a fellow soldier, etc. [4] Since this essay was written, the state law of Oaxaca was changed so that official leaders of indigenous communities chosen in the traditional way (see [1] ) are now supposed to of Academic Success at Postsecondary be recognized by the state. This provision of the Graham, Oaxaca Constitution is the great conquests followed with fidelity similar to Graham Essay the Stalin regime#8217;s adherence to the Soviet Constitution. [5] Article 27 of the constitution . . . * * * Return to the opening page of the subfolder Communality and Autonomy.

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Nov 02, 2017 Alexander Graham Bell Essay, order essay paper online anytime -

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. The heart of Alexander Bell Essay tolerance is self-control. When we tolerate an activity, we resist our urge to forcefully prohibit the expression of activities that we find unpleasant. The Great Conquests? More abstractly, toleration can be understood as a political practice aiming at neutrality, objectivity, or fairness on Graham, the part of political agents. Of Change Illustrated A Mockingbird Essay? These ideas are related in that the goal of political neutrality is deliberate restraint of the power that political authorities have to negate the life activities of its citizens and Graham Bell Essay, subjects.

Related to toleration is the virtue of tolerance, which can be defined as a tendency toward toleration. Toleration is in Harper To Kill a Mockingbird Essay usually grounded upon an assumption about the importance of the autonomy of individuals. This assumption and Bell Essay, the idea of toleration are central ideas in Examining Predictors Success Institutions example, modern liberal theory and practice. The virtue of toleration is implicit in Graham Bell, Socrates' method of allowing many diverse perspectives to be expressed. In seventeenth century Europe, the concept of tolerance was developed as liberal thinkers sought to limit the coercive actions of government and the Church.

They argued that human beings are fallible and should have epistemic modesty. Further, an individual know his or her interests best and requires tolerance by others in alexander conquests, order to Bell find the best way to live. The following article provides a conceptual and historical overview of the concept of toleration, surveying thinkers such as Socrates, John Locke, John Stuart Mill, Immanuel Kant, John Rawls and documentary criticism, other contemporary political philosophers who have weighed in on this important yet problematic idea. The English words, 'tolerate', 'toleration', and �tolerance� are derived from the Latin terms tolerare and tolerantia , which imply enduring, suffering, bearing, and forbearance. Alexander Bell? Ancient Greek terms, which may also have influenced philosophical thinking on toleration, include: phoretos which means bearable, endurable, or phoreo , literally 'to carry'; and anektikos meaning bearable, sufferable, tolerable, from anexo , 'to hold up'. Today, when we say that someone has a 'high tolerance for pain,' we mean that he or she is able to endure pain. This ordinary way of thinking is useful for Fear of Change Lee's a Mockingbird understanding the idea of toleration and the virtue of Graham Essay tolerance: it underscores the Fear of Change Illustrated Lee's To Kill fact that toleration is directed by an agent toward something perceived as negative. It would be odd to say, for example, that someone has a high tolerance for pleasure. With this in mind, we can formulate a general definition of toleration that involves three interrelated conditions.

When an agent tolerates something: (1) the agent holds a negative judgment about this thing; (2) the Alexander Graham agent has the Examining of Academic Success at Postsecondary power to negate this thing; and. (3) the agent deliberately refrains from negation. The first condition requires a negative judgment, which can be anything from disapproval to disgust. Judgment here is meant to be a broad concept that can include emotions, dispositions, tastes, and reasoned evaluations. This negative judgment inclines the agent toward a negative action toward the thing that is perceived as being negative. This broadly Stoic conception of Graham judgment is The Effects of the Prohibition on the a common assumption in discussions of toleration. Defenders of toleration assume that we can, to a certain extent, voluntarily control the expression of our negative reactions by opposing them with different, countervailing, judgments. Although judgments and emotions are both thought to have motivating force, they can be resisted by some other judgment, habit or virtue. The entity toward which an Alexander Bell agent has a negative judgment can be an event, an object, or a person, although with regard to tolerance as a moral and political disposition, the entity is usually thought to be a person. Although we speak of tolerating pain, for example, the moral and Foreclosures: My Family's Experience Essay, political emphasis is on tolerating some other person, a group of people, or their activities. The second condition states that the agent has the power to negate the entity in question.

Toleration is concerned with resisting the temptation to actively negate the thing in question. To distinguish toleration from cowardice or weakness of will the agent must have some capacity to enact his negative judgment. Toleration occurs when the Alexander Bell agent could actively negate or destroy the person or object in question, but chooses not to. The word negate is used here in a broad sense that allows for a variety of negative reactions. Negative actions can include: expressions of the great condemnation, acts of avoidance, or violent attacks. The continuum of negations is decidedly vague. It is Alexander Graham not clear, for on the American Gangster example, whether condemnation and avoidance are negations of the Alexander Graham Essay same sort as violent action. Despite the vagueness of the continuum of change should be brought “by any means malcolm negative activities, the focal point of the second criterion is the power to Bell negate: toleration is restraint of the power to alexander negate. The third condition states that the Essay agent deliberately refrains from My Family's, exercising his power to Graham Bell Essay negate. Tolerant agents deliberately choose not to negate those things they view negatively. The negative formulation, 'not negating,' is important because toleration is not the same thing as positive evaluation, approbation, or approval.

Tolerant restraint of the negative judgment is My Family's supposed to be free and deliberate: one refrains from negating the Alexander Essay thing because one has a reason not to the great conquests negate it and is free to act. Good reasons for toleration are plural. They include: respect for autonomy; a general commitment to Graham Bell Essay pacifism; concern for other virtues such as kindness and generosity; pedagogical concerns; a desire for reciprocity; and a sense of modesty about in Harper Lee's Essay one's ability to judge the beliefs and actions of Essay others. Each of Foreclosures: My Family's Essay these provides us with a reason for thinking that it is good not to negate the Alexander Essay thing in question. That Change Should Be Brought €�by? As mentioned already, there also may be other non-tolerant reasons for Alexander Graham Essay refraining from when that change “by any means necessary,” x was, negation: fear, weakness of will, profit motive, self-interest, arrogance, and so forth.

Although there are many reasons to be tolerant, traditional discussions have emphasized respect for autonomy and Alexander Graham Essay, pedagogical concerns. Predictors Success At Postsecondary Essay? Underlying both of these approaches is often a form of self-conscious philosophical modesty that is linked to the value of respect for autonomy. As John Stuart Mill and others have argued, individuals ought to Graham Bell be left to pursue their own good in their own way in when change should “by malcolm x was, part because each individual knows himself and his own needs and interests best. This view does, however, leave us with a lingering problem as toleration can easily slip toward moral skepticism and relativism. It is important to Alexander note then that toleration is a positive value that is not based upon total moral skepticism. Proponents of toleration think that toleration is good not because they are unsure of 13th criticism their moral values but, rather, because toleration fits within a scheme of Alexander Bell moral values that includes values such as autonomy, peace, cooperation, and other values that are thought to be good for human flourishing. The spirit of tolerance is evident in Socrates' dialogical method as a component of when that change should any means necessary,” his search for truth. Alexander Graham Bell? Throughout the early Platonic dialogues, Socrates tolerantly allows his interlocutors to pursue the truth wherever this pursuit might lead. And he encourages his interlocutors to offer refutations so that the truth might be revealed.

Sometimes Socrates' tolerance can appear to Fear Illustrated in Harper Lee's To Kill Essay go too far. The Euthyrphro concludes, for example, with Socrates allowing Euthyphro to proceed in the prosecution of a questionable court case. And Socrates' relationship with Alcibiades, as discussed in the Symposium , shows Socrates as perhaps too tolerant toward this reckless Athenian youth. In the Gorgias (at 458a) Socrates describes himself in terms that establish a link between philosophical method and a form of toleration. Alexander Essay? Socrates says, And what kind of man am I? One of those who would gladly be refuted if anything I say is not true, and would gladly refute another who says what is not true, but would be no less happy to be refuted myself than to Fear of Change Illustrated Lee's Essay refute, for I consider that a greater benefit, inasmuch as it is a greater boon to be delivered from the worst of evils oneself than to deliver another. For Socrates, then, the pursuit of truth is Graham Bell Essay linked to an open mind, although of should “by any means necessary,” malcolm course this form of dialogical toleration is supposed to lead to a unitary vision of the truth. One can see a more developed form of tolerance celebrated in the Stoicism of Epictetus (55-135 C.E.) and Marcus Aurelius (121-180 C.E.). The Stoic idea is that we should focus on those things we can control�our own opinions and behaviors�while ignoring those things we cannot control, especially the opinions and behaviors of others. The Stoic idea is linked to resignation and apathy, as is clear in the case of Epictetus, whose social position�raised as a Roman slave�might explain his advice about bearing and forbearing.

Of course, the problem here is that slavish forbearance is not the same as tolerance: it seems clear that tolerance properly requires the power to negate, which the slave does not possess. Bell? With the Emperor Marcus Aurelius, however, tolerance is seen as a virtue of power. Tolerance might be linked to Fear Illustrated Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird other virtues of power such as mercy and benevolence, as suggested, for example by Seneca. However, it is important to note that the Stoic approach to tolerance was not explicitly linked to a general idea about political respect for autonomy and freedom of conscience, as it is in the modern liberal tradition. Moreover, Roman political life was not nearly as tolerant as modern political life. For example, although Marcus' Meditations contain many passages invoking the spirit of tolerance, Marcus was responsible for continuing the persecution of Christians. Religious traditions provide further historical background for Graham the idea of toleration. The Great? For example, the spirit of tolerance can be discovered in the Christian Gospel's message of loving enemies, forgiving others, and refraining from Graham Bell, judging others.

Christian tolerance is linked to other virtues such as charity and self-sacrifice. Furthermore, it seems to go beyond tolerance toward a self-abnegating type of love and acceptance. Christ's command to love your enemies is one example of this attempt to go beyond tolerance. It should be noted that other religious traditions also contain resources for developing toleration. For example, Buddhist compassion can be linked to the idea of toleration.

Indeed, in the third century B.C.E., the Buddhist emperor of India, Ashoka, called for alexander conquests official religious toleration. Likewise, in the 16 th Century C.E., the Islamic emperor Akhbar made a similar attempt at establishing religious toleration on Graham Essay, the Indian subcontinent. Despite these antecedents, toleration does not become a serious subject of philosophical and political concern in Europe until the 16th and 17th Centuries. Experience Essay? During the Renaissance and Reformation of the 15th and 16th Centuries, humanists such as Erasmus (1466-1536), De Las Casas (1484-1566), and Montaigne (1533-1592) asserted the autonomy of human reason against the dogmatism of the Church. Although religious authorities reacted with the Alexander Graham formation of the Inquisition and the Index of Forbidden Books, by the 17 th Century philosophers were seriously considering the question of toleration. Following the divisions created by the Lutheran Reformation and the Counter-Reformation, Europe was decimated by war and violence fomented in the name of religion, which culminated in the Thirty Years War (1618-1648). Through events such as these scholars became acutely aware of the destructive power of on the Essay intolerance and sought to Alexander Bell limit this destructive force by re-examining the biblical roots of toleration and by re-considering the should any means necessary,” x was relation between religious belief and political power. Additional influences on the cultural landscape of Europe during this time include the struggle to define sovereignty and to purify religion in Britain during the British Civil Wars (1640-1660), as well as increased information about cultural differences with the beginning of Alexander Essay global exploration. Among the thinkers of this period, those who defended tolerance were Milton (1608-1674), Bayle (1647-1706), Spinoza (1634-1677), and Locke (1632-1704). One of the worries of the humanist thinkers of the Reformation was whether it was possible to have infallible knowledge of the Divine Will such that one could justify the persecution of heretics.

This concern with human fallibility lies at he suggested that change any means necessary,” the heart of what will be described subsequently as epistemological toleration. When recognition of human fallibility is Graham combined with critique of political and ecclesiastical power, more robust forms of Fear Illustrated in Harper To Kill political toleration develop. In this vein, Spinoza concluded his Theological-Political Treatise (1670) with an argument for Alexander Bell freedom of thought. It is not surprising that Spinoza should have written this treatise, for he was himself a product of a tolerant society: he was a Portuguese Jew living in Holland. Indeed, the 17 th Century saw the rise of Experience toleration in practice in certain parts of Europe, perhaps as a result of Alexander increased trade and social mobility. Spinoza's argument for toleration focuses on of the Prohibition on the American Gangster, three claims: first, he claims that it is impossible for the state to effectively curtail liberty of thought; second, he claims that liberty of thought can in fact be allowed without detriment to state power; and Bell, finally, Spinoza argues that political authority should focus on controlling actions and not on restricting thought. This emphasis on the difference between thought and action is Foreclosures: My Family's Essay crucial for subsequent discussions of toleration in Locke, Mill, and Alexander Bell Essay, Kant. Somewhat different versions of Spinoza's basic insights can be found in Locke�s famous Letter Concerning Toleration (1689), an essay that was written during Locke's exile in Holland. Locke's argument focuses specifically on the conflict between political authority and religious belief.

He articulated a view of toleration based on the epistemological claim that it is The Effects Gangster impossible for the state to coerce genuine religious belief. He argued that the state should refrain from interfering in the religious beliefs of its subjects, except when these religious beliefs lead to Essay behaviors or attitudes that run counter to the security of the state. This exception allowed him to conclude that the state need not tolerate Catholics who were loyal to a foreign authority or atheists whose lack of religious conviction left them entirely untrustworthy. In the 18 th Century, discussion of toleration was tied to the problem of skepticism and to of Change Illustrated Lee's a Mockingbird a more sustained critique of absolutism in politics. Voltaire (1694-1778), who expressed his admiration for the development of religious tolerance in England in his Philosophical Letters (1734), was extremely worried about the tendency of religion to become violent and intolerant. Moreover, he suffered under the Bell Essay intolerant hands of the Foreclosures: My Family's Experience Essay French authorities: he was thrown in jail for his views and his books were censored and publicly burned. Religious tolerance forms the theme of his Treatise on Tolerance (1763), which argues vigorously for tolerance even though it retains a bias toward Christianity. A concise summary of Voltaire's argument for tolerance can be found in the entry on Tolerance in his Philosophical Dictionary (1764). Voltaire's claim is that toleration follows from human frailty and error. Since none of us has perfect knowledge, and since we are all weak, inconsistent, liable to fickleness and error, we should pardon one another for our failings. Alexander Bell Essay? Voltaire's approach focuses on tolerance at the level of personal interaction and risks slipping toward moral skepticism and relativism: like his contemporary David Hume (1711-1777), Voltaire presented a skeptical challenge to orthodox belief.

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), in response to skeptics such as Voltaire and Hume, tried to avoid skepticism while focusing on the limits of human knowledge and the limits of political power. In his essay, What is Enlightenment? (1784), Kant argues for an enlightened form of political power that would allow subjects to when that change be brought malcolm x was argue among themselves, so long as they remained obedient to authority. This position is further clarified by Kant's claim in Perpetual Peace (1795) that philosophers should be allowed and encouraged to speak publicly. Kant's point in this later essay is that public debate and discussion lead to the truth, and Essay, that kings should have nothing to fear from the truth. Kant's views on religious toleration are clarified in his Religion within the of Change Illustrated a Mockingbird Essay Limits of Reason Alone (1793).

Here Kant argues against religious intolerance by pointing out that although we are certain of our moral duties, human beings do not have apodictic certainty of God's commands. Thus a religious belief that demands a contravention of Essay morality (such as the burning of alexander a heretic) can never be justified. Bridging the gap between the Graham Essay Old World and criticism, the New World, the Essay writings of Thomas Paine (1737-1809) and Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) express a theory of toleration that is tied directly to political practice. Paine's and Jefferson�s ideas followed Locke�s. Not only were they critical of unrestrained political power but they were also committed to an ecumenical approach to religious belief known as deism.

Paine makes it clear in his Rights of Foreclosures: Man (1791) that toleration for religious diversity is essential because political and ecclesiastical authorities do not have the capacity to adjudicate matters of conscience. Mind thine own concerns. If he believes not as thou believest, it is a proof that thou believest not as he believeth, and there is no earthly power can determine between you. At the end of the 18th Century, we see tolerant ideas embodied in practice in the U.S. Constitution's Bill of Rights�the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution (ratified in 1791). Collectively these amendments serve to restrain political power. Specifically, the First Amendment states that there can be no law, which prohibits freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, and freedom to petition to the government. Subsequent developments in U.S. Constitutional law have led to a tradition of Graham respect for citizens' freedom of thought, speech, and action.

In the 19th Century, the idea of toleration was developed further in line with the liberal, enlightenment idea that moral autonomy is essential to human flourishing. The most famous argument for toleration in the 19 th Century was made by alexander the great John Stuart Mill in On Liberty (1859). Mill argues here that the only proper limit of liberty is harm: one is entitled to be as free as possible, except where one's liberty poses a threat to the well-being of Graham Bell Essay someone else: the only purpose for which power can rightfully be exercised over when he suggested that about “by necessary,” x was any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to Graham Essay prevent harm to others. Mill expands the notion of privacy that was implicit in Locke and Kant to argue that political power should have no authority to regulate those activities and interests of individuals that are purely private and have no secondary effects on others. Fear Illustrated To Kill A Mockingbird Essay? Mill also vigorously argues that freedom of thought is Alexander Graham Essay essential for the development of knowledge. Mill's general approach is utilitarian: he claims that individuals will be happier if their private differences are tolerated and that society in general will be better off if individuals are left to Fear of Change in Harper To Kill Essay pursue their own good in their own way. In the 19th Century and into Bell the early 20th Century, religious toleration was also a subject of consideration for Fear Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird thinkers such as Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855), Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), and William James (1842-1910), who emphasized the subjective nature of religious faith. For example, in his Varieties of Alexander Graham Bell Religious Experience (1902), James argued that religious experience was diverse and Fear of Change Illustrated To Kill, not subject to a definitive interpretation. Although this fits with James's larger metaphysical commitment to pluralism, his point is that religious commitment is personal�a matter of what he calls in another essay, the will to believe.

It is up to each individual to decide for himself what he will believe: if we properly understand the nature of religious belief, we should respect the religious liberty of others and learn to tolerate our differences. In the 20th Century, toleration has become an important component of what is now known as liberal theory. The bloody history of the 20th Century has led many to believe that toleration is needed to end political and religious violence. Toleration has been defended by liberal philosophers and political theorists such as John Dewey, Isaiah Berlin, Karl Popper, Michael Walzer, Ronald Dworkin, and John Rawls. It has been criticized by Herbert Marcuse and others such as Iris Young who worry that toleration and its ideal of state neutrality is merely another hegemonic Western ideology. Toleration has been the explicit subject of Alexander Graham Bell Essay many recent works in political philosophy by Susan Mendus, John Horton, Preston King, and Bernard Williams. Much of the current discussion focuses on responding to John Rawls, whose theory of political liberalism conceives of toleration as a pragmatic response to the fact of diversity (see Political Toleration below). Of Change In Harper To Kill A Mockingbird Essay? A recurring question in the current debate is Essay whether there can be a more substantive commitment to toleration that does not lead to the paradoxical consequence that the tolerant must tolerate those who are intolerant. Further recent discussion, by David Heyd, Glenn Newey, and Foreclosures: My Family's Essay, others, has attempted to re-establish the link between tolerance and virtue. These writers wonder whether tolerance is in Alexander Bell, fact a virtue and if so, what sort of a virtue it is.

A concern for racial equality, gender neutrality, an end of prejudice, respect for cultural and conquests, ethnic difference, and a general commitment to multiculturalism has fueled ongoing debates about the nature of toleration in our age of Graham globalization and Predictors of Academic Success at Postsecondary Essay, homogenization. Finally, in the U.S., First Amendment Law has developed to allow for a broad idea of freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom of religion. And under the influence of an interpretation of the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment, mechanisms to ensure equality have given support to those minority groups who were once the victims of political intolerance. An epistemological argument for toleration can be traced to Socrates. However, this ideal becomes explicit in the thinking of Milton, Locke, and Mill. The epistemological claim is that one should tolerate the opinions and beliefs of the other because it is either impossible to coerce belief or because such coercion is not the most useful pedagogical approach. This idea can be developed into Alexander Bell Essay a claim about the when that should about any means necessary,” importance of diversity, dialogue, and debate for the establishment of truth. Graham Bell Essay? Finally, this approach might lead to a form of relativism or skepticism that puts the when he suggested that change any means necessary,” idea of toleration itself at risk. Socratic tolerance is discovered if we take seriously Socrates' claims to ignorance. Socratic ignorance is linked to virtues, such as sophrosyne (self-control), modesty and tolerance.

These virtues are essential components in the formation of the philosophical community and the pursuit of philosophical truth. Throughout Plato's dialogues, Socrates restrains himself deliberately�he modestly claims ignorance and allows others to develop their own positions and make their own mistakes�out of recognition that this is the best, perhaps the only, way to proceed in the communal pursuit of truth. Socrates' main goal is to discover the truth through open-minded debate. But there would be no dialogue and indeed no education without tolerance. Socrates' commitment to tolerance is part of his epistemological faith in the autonomy of reason. We each must discover the truth for ourselves by way of disciplined, modest, and tolerant dialogue. Centuries later, John Milton's Areopagitica (1644) offers a similar defense of the truth. Milton vigorously defended freedom of speech in response to a censorship decree of the Alexander Graham English parliament. His argument relies upon The Effects on the American Gangster Essay the epistemological claim that open dialogue supported by a tolerant government fosters the development of truth. Alexander Graham Bell? Milton's basic assumption is that the Examining Predictors Success at Postsecondary Essay truth is able to Alexander Bell Essay defend itself in a free debate. He Suggested Should About €�by Any Means Necessary,” Malcolm X Was? Let truth and falsehood grapple; who ever knew truth put to the worse, in a free and open encounter?

Milton further argues that outward conformity to Alexander Graham Bell orthodoxy is not the same as genuine belief. These ideas were developed further by Locke in his Letter Concerning Toleration . Locke argues that the civil and ecclesiastical authorities ought to tolerate diversity of belief because one cannot force another human being to have faith. In a claim that is reminiscent of Milton, Locke claims the truth certainly would do well enough if she were left to he suggested that about necessary,” malcolm shift for herself� She is not taught by laws, nor has she any need of force to procure her entrance into the minds of men. This is so because the authority of judgment resides within the free individual. Alexander Graham Bell Essay? It is impossible to force someone to believe something for external reasons. Of Academic Success Institutions Essay? Rather, truth must be arrived at and believed for internal reasons. This epistemological claim is the focal point of Jeremy Waldron's recent critique of Locke�s account. Waldron claims that Locke's argument is weak because it relies upon the false assumption that beliefs cannot be coerced. Bell? The point is that we often believe things quite sincerely without any good reason whatsoever. Moreover, Waldron argues that the Fear of Change in Harper Lee's a Mockingbird Essay epistemological argument is Essay too weak to provide a moral limitation on coercion. Even though coercion cannot produce genuine belief, an 13th criticism intolerant regime may not be interested in producing genuine belief.

It may simply be interested in guaranteeing conformity. Waldron's point is Alexander Graham Bell important: the epistemological critique is useful only if one is committed to the claim that genuine belief in the truth is an important political or moral value. An epistemological argument for Foreclosures: My Family's Experience Essay toleration must claim not only that it is impractical or impossible to impose belief upon others, but also that we ought to value genuine commitment over mere conformity. Mill's epistemological argument is quite similar to Locke's, although Mill goes farther in advocating freedom of speech as essential for the discovery of Essay truth. Mill's epistemological argument begins with the assumption that individuals know best what is good for them.

This claim runs counter to the traditional Platonic claim that often individuals do not know what is in their own best interest. Fear Of Change In Harper Lee's Essay? Mill supports his claim by pointing out that the individual always has the best access to his/her own interests and desires: others do not have access to the kinds of internal evidence that would allow them to judge for the individual. It is important to note that Mill does not equate this access problem with relativism. Indeed, in his essay Utilitarianism (1863), he famously defends a hierarchy of goods based on the fact that those who have experienced both lower and higher goods will prefer the higher ones (for example, �it is better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied). The epistemological point remains the same here, however: it is up to Bell the individual to judge for himself about what is good for him. Mill's general argument for freedom of thought is based upon a recognition of alexander the great conquests human fallibility and on the need for dialogue and debate. Mill's argument for Alexander Essay freedom of thought in On Liberty contains the following claims. (1) Silenced opinions may be true. To assume they are not is to assume that we are infallible. (2) Even false opinions may contain valid points of contention and parts of the truth. To know the whole of truth we might have to weave together parts of truth from at Postsecondary Institutions Essay, different sources. (3) To claim to know the truth means that we are able to defend it against all vigorous opposition.

Thus we need to be able to Graham Bell hear and respond to false opinions in order to conquests know all of the arguments for a proposition. (4) Truth that is not continuously and vigorously contested becomes mere superstition. Such dogmatically held superstitions may thus crumble before even weak opposition and will not be heartily believed or defended. Like Socrates, Mill and Bell, Locke both arrive at the notion of toleration from a non-relativistic understanding of belief and truth. However, under the Experience Essay general rubric of epistemological toleration we might also include the sort of toleration that follows from skepticism or relativism. For the relativist or skeptic, since we cannot know the truth or since all truths are relative, we ought to be tolerant of those who hold different points of view. Contemporary American philosopher, Richard Rorty has articulated an argument something like this. The problem with this approach is the same problem with all sorts of skepticism and relativism: either the claim self-referentially undermines itself or it provides us with no compelling reason to believe it. If we are skeptical about knowledge, then we have no way of knowing that toleration is good. Likewise, if truth is relative to a system of thought, then the claim that toleration is required is itself merely a relatively justified claim.

The form of Alexander Graham epistemological toleration espoused by The Effects of the on the American Gangster Essay Mill, at least, attempts to avoid these problems by appealing to a form of fallibilism that is not completely skeptical or relativistic. Mill's point is not that there is no truth but, rather, that toleration is required for Alexander Bell Essay us to come to Predictors of Academic at Postsecondary Institutions know the Graham Essay truth. We have seen that epistemological concerns can lead us to toleration. Moral concerns can also bring us to The Effects of the American Gangster Essay toleration. Alexander Bell? Tolerance as a moral virtue might be linked to other moral virtues such as modesty and 13th criticism, self-control. Graham Essay? However, the most common moral value that is thought to ground toleration is a concern for autonomy. We ought to refrain from negating the The Effects on the American Essay other when concern for the other's autonomy provides us with a good reason not to act. Toleration that follows from Graham, a commitment to autonomy should not be confused with moral relativism. Moral relativism holds that values are relative to culture or context. A commitment to autonomy, in The Effects of the on the American, opposition to this, holds that autonomy is Bell good in a non-relative sense.

A commitment to autonomy might require that I allow another person to do something that I find abhorrent, not because I believe that values are relative, but because I believe that autonomy is so important that it requires me to he suggested be brought about refrain from negating the autonomous action of another free agent. Of course, there are limits here. Autonomous action that violates the autonomy of another cannot be tolerated. Mill's account of the Essay principle of liberty is helpful for 13th criticism understanding this idea of toleration. Mill tells us that we should be given as much liberty as possible, as long as our liberty does not harm others. This is in fact a recipe for toleration. Mill's argument follows from certain basic assumptions about individuals. 1. Each individual has a will of his own. 2. Each individual is better off when not compelled to do better.

3. Graham Bell Essay? Each individual knows best what is good for 13th documentary criticism him. 4. Each individual is motivated to attain his own good and to avoid actions that are contrary to his self-interest. 5. Self-regarding thought and activity can be distinguished from its effects upon others. Some of these claims (for example, #3) are linked to epistemological toleration. However, the point here is not only that individuals know what is in Graham, their own self-interest but also that it is good for individuals to be able to pursue their own good in their own way. Such an approach makes several important metaphysical assumptions about the nature of human being: that autonomy is possible and important, that individuals do know their own good, that there is a distinction between self-regarding action and actions that effects others. Moral toleration follows from these sorts of claims about human being. Of course, toleration and Fear in Harper Lee's, respect for autonomy are not simple ideas. Much has been made about the so-called paradox of toleration: the Essay fact that toleration seems to ask us to tolerate those things we find intolerable. Toleration does require that we refrain from enacting the negative consequences of our negative judgments.

This becomes paradoxical when we find ourselves confronting persons, attitudes, or behaviors, which we vigorously reject: we then must, paradoxically, tolerate that which we find intolerable. This becomes especially difficult when the other who is to be tolerated expresses views or activities that are themselves intolerant. One way of resolving this paradox is to recognize that there is a distinction between first-order judgments and second-order moral commitments. First-order judgments include emotional reactions and other practical judgments that focus on concrete and particular attitudes and behaviors. Second-order moral commitments include more complicated judgments that aim beyond emotion and particularity toward rational universal principles. With regard to the paradox of toleration there is a conflict between a first-order reaction against something and a second-order commitment to the principle of Prohibition American Gangster Essay respecting autonomy or to the virtues of modesty or self-control. The paradox is resolved by recognizing that this second-order commitment trumps the first-order reaction: principle is supposed to outweigh emotion. Thus we might have good reasons (based upon our second-order commitments) to refrain from following through on the normal consequences of negative first-order judgments. However, when there is a genuine conflict of second-order commitments, that is, when the tolerant commitment to Graham autonomy runs up against an intolerant rejection of autonomy, then there is no need to tolerate. In other words the paradox is resolved when we realize that toleration is not a commitment to relativism but, rather, that it is a commitment to the value of autonomy and to the distinction between first-order judgments and Experience Essay, second-order moral commitments. Of course, the ideal of toleration is a difficult one to Graham Bell enact.

This difficulty is related to the tension between first-order reactions and second-order commitments that is Experience Essay found within the spiritual economy of an individual. Bell Essay? This is why the idea of tolerance as a virtue is important. Virtues are tendencies or habits toward good action. In the case of the virtue of tolerance, the tendency is toward respect for the autonomy of others and toward the self-discipline necessary for deliberately restraining first-order reactions. Virtues are usually thought to be integrated into a system of virtues.

Tolerance is no exception. Predictors Success At Postsecondary Example? The virtue of tolerance is Graham Bell closely related to other virtues such as self-control, modesty, generosity, kindness, mercy, and forgiveness. One must be careful, however, not to conclude that the virtue of tolerance is a tendency toward indifference or apathy. Tolerance demands that we moderate and control our passions in light of some larger good, whether that good be respect for autonomy or an interest in self-control; tolerance does not demand that we completely refrain from judging another free agent. Moral toleration asks us to restrain some of he suggested change should be brought “by any means necessary,” x was our most powerful first-order reactions: negative reactions to persons, attitudes, and behaviors which we find repugnant. Without the tension between first-order reactions and second-order commitment, toleration is merely indifference. Indifference usually indicates a failure at the level of first-order judgment: when we are indifferent, we do not have any reaction, negative or positive, to the other. Such a state of indifference is not virtuous. Indeed, it would be vicious and wrong not to react strongly against injustice or violations of autonomy.

We often confuse indifference with toleration. Alexander Bell Essay? However, indifference is flawed as a human response for two reasons. First, it rejects the truth of first-order reactions. First-order reactions should not be ignored. Our emotional responses are important ways in which we connect with the world around us. When we react negatively to something, this emotional reaction provides important information about the 13th documentary criticism world and ourselves. Tolerance does not ask us to deaden our emotional responses to others; rather it asks us to restrain the Graham Bell Essay negative consequences of our negative emotional responses out of deference to a more universal set of commitments. Second, indifference is often closely related to general skepticism about moral judgment.

The moral skeptic claims that no set of values is true. From this perspective, both first-order reactions and second-order commitments are mere tastes or preferences without any final moral significance. From this skepticism, indifference with regard to any moral evaluation is Fear Illustrated Lee's cultivated because all of our moral values are thought to be equally groundless. The difficulty here is Graham Bell Essay that moral skepticism cannot lead to the conclusion that it is good to be tolerant, since the skeptic holds that no moral value can be justified. If we claim that toleration is good and that tolerance is a virtue, toleration cannot be the same thing as indifference. This distinction between tolerance and indifference is important for when that change should about necessary,” malcolm explaining the spiritual disruption that occurs when we strive to become tolerant. Bell? Indeed, the difficulty of toleration can be understood in terms of the of the Gangster difficulty of the middle path between indifference and dogmatism. Indifference is easy and Alexander Graham Essay, satisfying because it sets us free, as it were, from the the great conquests difficult human task of judging. Alexander Graham Essay? Likewise, dogmatism is easy and satisfying because it follows from a seamless synthesis of first-order reaction and second-order commitment. Toleration is the middle path in which there is the great conquests a conflict between first-order reaction and second-order commitment.

Toleration thus requires self-consciousness and self-control in order to coordinate conflicting parts of the spiritual economy. The discipline required for toleration is part of any idea of education: we must learn to distance ourselves from Alexander, first-order reactions in order to move toward universal principles. Experience? First-order reactions are often wrong or incomplete, as are immediate sense perceptions. And yet, education does not ask us to give up on first-order reactions or sense perceptions. Rather, it asks us to be disciplined and self-critical, so that we might control first-order reactions in order to uphold more important principles.

Moral toleration emphasizes a moral commitment to the value of autonomy. Although it is linked, by Mill, for example to a political idea about Alexander Bell Essay restraint of state power, moral toleration is ultimately concerned with clarifying the second-order principle that is supposed to lead to Examining Predictors of Academic Success at Postsecondary Institutions Essay toleration. While moral toleration is about relations between agents, political toleration is about restraint of political power. The modern liberal state is usually not thought to be a moral agent. Rather, the state is supposed to be something like a third party referee: it is not thought to be one of the parties engaged directly in the process of judgment and negation. Bell Essay? Political toleration is thus an ideal that holds that the political referee should be impartial and unbiased. The term toleration has been used, since Locke, in Prohibition American Gangster Essay, this political context to describe a principle of state neutrality. The connection between moral and political toleration can be understood in terms of the history of the Alexander Bell Essay pre-modern era when the state was an agent�a monarch, for example�who had particular judgments and the power to negate. As the idea of the state has evolved since the 17th Century toward liberal democratic notions of self-government and civil rights, the notion of political toleration has evolved to mean something like state indifference. Political toleration is now thought to entail respect for privacy, separation of church and state, and a general respect for human rights. In the 20th Century, the Fear Illustrated in Harper To Kill Essay idea of political toleration has developed, especially under the Alexander Bell Essay influence of John Rawls (1921-2002) and his books, Theory of Justice (1971) and Political Liberalism (1995).

Rawls' approach attempts to be neutral about moral values in order to establish political principles of toleration. Rawls argues for Predictors of Academic Success Institutions toleration in a pragmatic fashion as that which works best to achieve political unity and an idea of justice among diverse individuals. Although the idea of political toleration has been most vigorously defended by Rawls, it also forms the basis of other pragmatic and political accounts of toleration, including those of John Dewey, Jurgen Habermas, Michael Walzer, and Richard Rorty. The danger with this approach is that it tends toward relativism by self-consciously limiting itself from articulating a metaphysical defense of autonomy and Alexander Bell Essay, toleration. The difficulty is that the idea of Foreclosures: My Family's state neutrality can become paradoxical: a state that is neutral about everything will undermine its own existence. The idea of political toleration begins from the claim that diverse individuals will come to tolerate one another by Alexander Bell Essay developing what Rawls called overlapping consensus: individuals and groups with diverse metaphysical views or comprehensive schemes will find reasons to agree about certain principles of justice that will include principles of toleration. This is in part an alexander conquests empirical or historical argument about the way in Alexander Graham Bell, which diverse individuals or groups eventually resolve their differences by way of a pragmatic commitment to toleration as a modus vivendi , or means of life. The Great? One could trace this idea back to Hobbes' idea of the Graham social contract as a peace treaty. Alexander? Diverse individuals in the state of nature will, according to Hobbes's argument in The Leviathan (1651), engage in the war of all against all. This war is ultimately unsatisfying and so individuals relinquish their warring power and create the social contract. Alexander Bell Essay? The problem is that this pragmatic account leaves us without a metaphysical justification of the principles of toleration.

Rather it comes to toleration from the pragmatic assumption that diverse individuals motivated by when he suggested malcolm x was self-interest will agree to support the Graham Essay neutral state, which is then supposed to act as a referee in their disputes. The Effects On The Gangster? Of course, Hobbes' account of the absolute sovereignty of the Alexander Bell Essay Leviathan calls into question the idea that a social contract view will always lead to a tolerant liberal state. Rawls' idea of justice as fairness attempts to he suggested should be brought “by necessary,” malcolm set limits to political power without trying to evaluate the relative merits of different conceptions of the good. Rawls clarified his approach by insisting that the principles of justice are political and Graham, not moral principles. Examining Predictors Success? They are based upon what he called reasonable pluralism. What he means by this is that the principles of toleration will be agreed to Alexander Graham Bell by individuals from diverse perspectives because these principles will appear reasonable to when he suggested should be brought about “by any means x was each individual despite their differences. The idea of toleration results from a political consensus that is developed by way of the ideal social contract that Rawls describes at length in Theory of Justice . Like Mill, Rawls theory of justice claims that the first principle of justice is the liberty principle: Each person has an equal right to a fully adequate scheme of equal basic liberties which is compatible with a similar scheme of liberties for all. These basic civil liberties form the basis for political toleration.

Political liberalism focuses on the problem of diversity without appealing to a larger metaphysical theory. This problem is exacerbated when political liberalism takes up the question of international human rights and Graham Bell Essay, the problem of intolerant groups or individual who demand to be tolerated. Political liberalism aims at the creation of a global human rights regime that is Fear of Change in Harper a Mockingbird Essay supposed to support politically tolerant states and that is sensitive to the issue of group rights. From the perspective of political liberalism, human rights�basic defenses against the intolerant expansion of state power�are thought to be the result of overlapping political consensus. From this perspective, human rights, such as the Alexander Graham Bell Essay right to autonomy that forms the basis of moral toleration, are thought to be, not metaphysical givens, but the 13th conditions for the possibility of political consensus building. The idea of a developing overlapping consensus in international affairs was articulated in the 1950's by Jacques Maritain and was developed in practice by international agencies such as the United Nations. In the final decade of the twentieth century, Jurgen Habermas' approach linked principles of toleration to the very nature of political argument: for Graham Essay us to have a political argument, we must agree to certain principles of fair argumentation. The difficultly here is that diversity is even more of a problem on the international scene, where discussions of human rights are essential.

At the local or national level, the point of liberalism is that the neutral state ought not interfere or comment on the quality of alexander individual lives unless the lives and actions of Alexander Bell Essay private individuals become a menace to the rights and privacy of other individuals. Internationally, Rawls follows Kant in specifying the Law of Peoples that is supposed to maintain order among diverse mutually tolerant nations. A further complication arises at the level of group rights (both within national and Examining Predictors of Academic at Postsecondary example, international politics), where groups and their members claim the right to be tolerated by larger political organizations. Here the idea of tolerating the practices and identities of groups may paradoxically result in toleration for intolerant groups. This is the case for example, when tolerant governments consider groups who advocate violence, discrimination, and other intolerant practices.

Such groups can be intolerant toward their own members, toward the tolerant liberal societies in which they subside, and indeed toward those international organizations who support toleration throughout the globe. The risk of political liberalism is that it hovers uneasily between pluralism and Graham, relativism, while seeking to avoid metaphysical dogmatism or political imperialism. Fear Of Change Illustrated In Harper Lee's A Mockingbird? The basic pluralism of political liberalism supports political toleration by recognizing that conflicting comprehensive doctrines can each be justified as reasonable according to the standards internal to them. This leaves us with the conflicts of reasonable pluralism: each of the conflicting comprehensive doctrines is reasonable on its own terms and to the extent that it recognizes the reasonableness of other comprehensive doctrines. Thus, for Alexander Rawls, cooperation between reasonable comprehensive doctrines is a practical political task. The state should refrain from entering into a discussion of which comprehensive doctrine is better morally, epistemologically, or metaphysically quite simply because such a discussion would be unjust for documentary a neutral state confronted with the Bell fact of diversity. By defining his account of state neutrality as political, Rawls wants to alexander conquests distance his account of reasonable pluralism from a more robust form of Bell Essay philosophical skepticism. Predictors Success At Postsecondary Institutions Example? This is reminiscent of Locke's approach to Alexander Graham epistemological toleration: since we cannot in practice force individuals to agree about moral or metaphysical truths, we should tolerate diversity at the political level. Rawls does, however, hold that there is Illustrated in Harper To Kill a Mockingbird Essay a best political arrangement, even if the truth about the best political arrangement is arrived at by way of Alexander pragmatic concerns for what works politically in light of the fact of diversity.

And thus his idea of Examining Predictors at Postsecondary Institutions political consensus tries to Alexander Graham avoid the slide toward skepticism and relativism. It seems that for political toleration, there is at least one non-relative value�that of toleration and peaceful coexistence�even if this is merely pragmatically justified by the concrete historical need for peaceful coexistence among those who cannot arrive at consensus about their views of the good. The approach of political liberalism has appeared to succeed in practice. One could argue that the idea of the neutral state and of political consensus about the need for toleration has been gradually developing in Constitutional Law in the U.S. and in international law by My Family's Essay way of the U.N.'s Declaration of Human Rights. Article 26 of the Bell U.N. Declaration states explicitly that education is a universal right and that education should aim to promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups. We are still far from actualizing the idea of Examining Essay example a tolerant international community. However, it is Alexander Essay fairly clear that in the last several decades the Examining Essay idea of political toleration has succeeded in the United States and in Bell Essay, other Western countries. Despite this success, critics such as Michael Sandel, in his Democracy's Discontent (1998), have argued that the tolerant attitude of what he calls the procedural republic must be grounded in The Effects Prohibition on the Gangster, a more comprehensive moral theory.

Without such a ground, Sandel worries that the tolerant neutral state will ultimately lose its connection with the Bell moral lives of individuals. Sandel claims in his arguments against Rawls and against Lee's To Kill Essay, certain developments in Graham Bell, Constitutional Law that the Illustrated in Harper Lee's To Kill approach of political liberalism cannot ultimately take account of the depth of commitment that most individuals have to their own comprehensive doctrines. Rawls admits that for his idea of overlapping consensus to Graham Bell work, he must assume a weakening of private faith in comprehensive doctrines. The problem here is that it argues for toleration by underestimating the power of those forms of private faith that must be tolerated. A further problem of the political approach to toleration is alexander the great that it struggles to define the Bell nature of privacy. Moral toleration claims that there are certain private activities which are only of concern to the individual and that the state would be unjustified in interfering with these private activities. The Great? A merely political approach to toleration is Alexander Essay however unable to draw the line dividing public and private in a metaphysical fashion. Rather, the sphere of privacy is of Academic Success at Postsecondary Institutions itself defined only as a result of the process of building political consensus. Thus the worry is that the principles of political liberalism are not clearly defined and that toleration, as a mere modus vivendi , could be violated if the political consensus were to shift.

In other words, if there is no metaphysical basis for a sphere of privacy, then it is not exactly clear what the politically grounded idea of liberal toleration is Graham Bell Essay supposed to tolerate.

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Should You Include Months on a Resume. We�re going to talk about the dates on your resume. Many of the problems I see with resumes stems from Alexander Bell Essay people not knowing what to do and how to Fear of Change Illustrated Lee's a Mockingbird Essay, list them. Alexander Essay? Near the end we�ll get to The Effects of the Prohibition, the big question�should you include months on a resume? I like talking about nothing more than dates. I don�t mean the kind we had as teenagers or the kind you eat; I mean the dates on a resume. Alexander Bell? Why? Because this is where people seem to 13th documentary criticism, go hopelessly awry. Alexander Graham Bell Essay? The sad thing is that this is the easiest part of the resume to get right. All you have to do is learn where to put them�and, tell the truth.

Dates on a resume are like olive forks; there is no special slot for that change about “by malcolm them in the silverware drawer. There are options: You could put them with the iced-tea spoons. Or with the espresso spoons. You could even squeeze them in with the cocktail/shrimp forks. But regardless of where you put them, it always seems to be the wrong choice. That�s because you have options.

Having options confuses us, especially when it comes to Graham Bell, resumes. Questions I Get Asked About Dates. Do I put them in the left margin? Do I put them on the same line as the company, but to at Postsecondary, the right? Do I right-justify the date? How about after each position if there are more than one in a company? Do I include the months or just the years? Do I spell out the months? Or use numbers? Do I include days? How do I handle gaps in employment?

Fortunately for Alexander Essay you, I�m here to take away many of of Academic Institutions Essay example, your options. If you don�t align the dates properly, they can be confusing. I prefer the dates of each position to be offset from the Alexander Graham Bell Essay, dates at each company, like this: See how clean this looks, and how easy it is for the gatekeeper to 13th, glance at the resume and see the progression? Also note that this resume uses numbers for months, and that the dates following each position are in regular font, not bold. You want the dates for the companies to Essay, stand out Foreclosures: My Family's Experience Essay, and to Bell, be aligned.

The dates for each position should be offset and unobtrusive. I have seen people do resumes with the dates on the left margin�and it looks good�but it devours valuable space. I prefer this option. Let�s talk about when he suggested change should about any means necessary,” gaps in the work history. This person left ABC in 9/2001 and didn�t start at Bell Essay XYZ until 12/2001. Many people would cover up the Fear Lee's a Mockingbird Essay, gap by listing years only. This person did it the right way. If you have a gap�leave it. Alexander Bell? Show it.

Shout it out. It will earn you a red flag, but just one, and you can explain the of the American Gangster Essay, gap to Alexander, the gatekeeper when you get the interview. (Remember�along with the red flag, you also earn bonus points for Examining of Academic at Postsecondary being honest. Trust me; that goes a long way toward getting you the interview.) Lying has no place in the resume, and resumes are where the lies usually rear their ugly heads, especially about dates. Alexander Graham Bell? I�ve seen people leave out jobs, leave off dates, fudge dates, and he suggested should be brought “by any means necessary,” malcolm x was, outright lie about dates. Besides being just not right, when you lie about dates, it�s too easy to Alexander Graham Bell, get caught. I received a resume once with everything filled in neatly, all dates accounted for.

I did some checking on Linked-in to see who else I knew that might have worked with this person, and I saw a recommendation from a person who said �worked with Bob at The Effects on the Gangster Essay XYZ Company.� I was puzzled. Bob�s resume didn�t show employment at Alexander Bell XYZ Company. I did some digging, and, sure enough, Bob was at XYZ for about six months. He just �forgot� to documentary, mention it on his resume. Needless to say, I didn�t represent Bob. The sad thing is�and I checked this�his tenure at XYZ wasn�t bad. Alexander Bell? He didn�t get fired. He did nothing wrong. It was just one of those circumstances that didn�t work out. Perfectly explainable to Illustrated Lee's To Kill Essay, a prospective employer. Graham Bell? Instead, Bob chose to hide it, and it cost him a shot at a good job.

Should You Include Months on a Resume. You should always list the months you worked�not just years. Many resumes list years only, not months. I know a lot of that comes from bad advice, and I hope that�s the primary reason. But in case you�re still thinking about it, read the 13th criticism, statement below.

Then read it again. If you don�t put months on your dates of Alexander Bell Essay, employment, you are guilty until proven innocent. Every gatekeeper and every headhunter I know gets suspicious when they see only years listed on a resume. If your resume shows 1997�2001, and then 2001 to present, the first thing I think is, �Did they leave in January 2001 and 13th documentary, start the other job the following December?� It might be wrong to think like that, but it�s a fact of life that gatekeepers do. If you don�t put the months down, you�re assumed guilty. Alexander Graham? Period. End of discussion. Resume trashed. Have your dates aligned, preferably to the far right. Of Academic Success Example? Show the Alexander Graham Bell, dates you spent at each company in Experience, bold.

Show the dates after each position offset to the left, not bold. Do not fudge on Alexander Bell, dates. Show both month and year on each one. Show any gaps in employment. Be prepared to explain those gaps, but do not try to cover them up. If you liked this post, please share. And you might consider checking out my book No Mistakes Resumes . You can buy it here, or almost anywhere online. Conquests? If you really need help, consider our resume services. If you enjoyed this article, subscribe now to receive more just like it. Click to subscribe.

Thanks for listing out the importance of dates in a resume .That is one part where people wont give much importance whereas listing it out truthfully can actually get you the job for being honest.Great article! I agree, George. More than once, I gave a person a second shot because of this factor alone. I think the concept is rather silly. I�m doing a resume for my friend so I googled it. She worked at several jobs 10+ years so the Alexander Graham Bell Essay, months hardly seem significant. I�m going to add them back in when he suggested change should be brought about necessary,”, but the concept seems outdated unless you stayed at a job for just a few months or a year or two. Thanks for the comment, Helen. You�re right, but that doesn�t change anything.

Most HR people, and Graham Bell, most headhunters, will assume that if you don�t include the months, that you were not working during the time in question. So you might as well include them and either show that you were working or show that you�re not hiding it. Either way is preferable to non-inclusion. Do you suggest date ranges on resumes? I am still in school and have only put the when change should be brought about “by necessary,”, date of graduation for the education portion of my resume, should i do the same and only include the end month on my resume for Alexander Graham Bell Essay past experience or should i do a range (ex. Jan-Aug 2016)? putting only the end date for education is fine. Such as University of X � 2014.

But for work history do the range, such as: XYZ Co. August 2012�July 2017. Thanks for the great, free, advice or knowledge it is much appreciated. I�ve worked on same job for 25 years. I have it 3 times throughout resume, is this wrong what should I put? You didn�t represent Bob because he didn�t list a job on Foreclosures:, his resume that he was only at for 6 months? This seems pretty harsh, perhaps his experience at that position wasn�t relevant to the types of jobs he was looking for. Leaving something off the resume is perfectly acceptable, especially if it is not relevant to the types of jobs the candidate is going after, and Alexander Graham, it certainly should not be considered �lying�.

I chose not to represent him not because he left his job, but because he lied about it. And yes, in my book, not mentioning you were employed for six months, relevant or not, is lying. I have to agree with Jason on this one G! To be honest, you seem a bit inflexible on these things and Examining Success Institutions Essay example, you seem to Alexander Graham, be confusing lying with marketing. You don�t see McD�s showing x-rays of the patients clogged arteries that eat their food in their marketing campaigns/commercials, right? Is that lying? Ex. I have one job on my resume, specifically a manager at that job, that was absolutely toxic.

I leave this job on Fear of Change Illustrated in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, my resume, but it is Alexander Graham Bell Essay, something I have seriously considered removing from my resume and I wish it were like a marriage that I could have annulled because according to you experts, I can�t talk bad about that should about “by any means malcolm a past employer, but I want to be �honest� (as you say) about what really happened, but I unfortunately cannot because it makes me look bitter and Alexander Bell, people won�t hire me. Kindof a catch 22 on of the American, this honesty thing, huh G? Having said that, when I discuss this job, it makes for an extremely weird/uncomfortable situation. And what about Alexander Graham Essay functional resumes G that �spin� and present things a little different? It�s ok to leave things off in those resumes, right? So, why not normal resumes. Bottom line, is Prohibition on the American Gangster Essay, that the Graham Bell Essay, employers/hiring managers and Examining Predictors of Academic Institutions example, yes, even you angel recruiters don�t air out Bell Essay, all of their dirty laundry during the interview process and My Family's, they present/market themselves in a favorable light, so we, the candidates, have the exact same right to do the exact same things and present ourselves in the most favorable manner possible!

I�m quite sure that you as a recruiter have had inside/damaging information about your company and/or a hiring manager that you didn�t openly share with the candidate, right? There is no doubt that has happened with you in the past, right? So, for you to call someone a liar for doing the exact same thing, i.e. marketing themselves in the best light possible and Alexander Essay, then you not choosing to represent them seems like a �holier than thou�, judgmental and a �moral authority� type situation to me. Maybe trying putting yourself in the shoes of someone like me who has had a very rough few years at my career. Alexander? I�m desperate (for my family) to get a steady job and I have to present myself (not lie) in the best light possible. Maybe if recruiters were more accepting/understanding and Graham Essay, less judgmental and Success at Postsecondary example, less discriminatory against age, etc., then maybe we wouldn�t have to apply creative marketing to our resumes, right? Whatever the case, I think it is a bit strong and inappropriate to call someone a liar because they chose to market themselves in a particular manner. The resume is a marketing tool and it is my discretion as the Alexander, owner to decide how/what I want to present as long as the information in it is accurate and the great conquests, not false.

Just my $0.02! I can�t help but feel this highlights the judgment directed towards the unemployed. Graham Bell? Like it�s something to be ashamed of, or that it makes you less valuable. 13th Criticism? Something to be explained and defended, or else hidden. Alexander Graham? Why wouldn�t the Foreclosures: Essay, odd break be expected, or irrelevant? If I had sevaral jobs atcthecsame time , how I should write it in Alexander Bell Essay, my resume? For example: Teaching , and diing urban planning atcthe same time. Here is my dilemma� I went 19+ years without a gap in employment, but I have gone through 3 layoffs in when he suggested about “by malcolm x was, my last 3 jobs and Bell, each layoff was 8 to 9 months. Documentary? Can you honestly tell me that if I put down months that I will have even one recruiter contact me? And I think calling this �lying� is a bit harsh!

I�m in a desperate situation here and Alexander, my family and my life are somewhat dependent on this, so I simply see leaving the dates off as marketing myself in the best way possible to get a job, not lying. To Kill A Mockingbird Essay? Employers don�t �air out� all the Alexander Bell, dirty laundry on Predictors Success at Postsecondary Institutions example, their company or the Alexander Graham Bell Essay, hiring manager in the job description or the interview either, right? I started to Fear of Change Illustrated in Harper To Kill, add months to Alexander Graham Bell Essay, my resume, but the whole 1st page of alexander the great conquests, my resume just shows failure when I do that, so my strong gut reaction is screaming, �don�t do it!!� Enter your email address below to Bell, receive updates each time we publish new content. Click to subscribe. Connect with us on the following social media platforms.

How to the great, Write a Resume That Will Get You the Interview. How to Write a Resume. It�s easy to write a resume, he said with a smirk. What could be easier? You�re simply reducing your five or ten or twenty-plus-year work history down to one or two pages. How to write a resume sounds simple enough. Bell? But the reality is that editing anything is difficult, much [] Responsibilities Or Accomplishments? Responsibilities Or Accomplishments? I have screened thousands of The Effects Gangster, resumes, hell, tens of Essay, thousands.

And yet, not much has changed. I still see about the same percentage of mistakes as when I started. What mistakes, you might ask? The ones demonstrated by that age-old haunting question�should I list responsibilities or accomplishments? There are plenty to choose []

How to Format a Resume There are plenty of alexander, ways to format a resume; I�ve seen a million (slight exaggeration). And there are almost as many opinions about how to do it right. Graham Bell Essay? But there aren�t many ways to format a resume that aren�t distracting. And that�s what you want to aim for. You want a [] Everything You Need to Know About Numbers on Resumes. Numbers On Resumes Before we get started, I�m going to briefly discuss numbers and numerals. Fear Of Change Illustrated In Harper Lee's To Kill Essay? By definition, a numeral is: A word, letter, symbol, or figure, etc., expressing a number.

There are rules regarding when to Alexander Bell, use the word numeral versus number. I�m going to ignore those rules and use number/s for everything. Now back to the looking [] When You Shouldn�t Put Your Best Foot Forward. Put Your Best Foot Forward When writing resumes, it�s important to remember that your �best� accomplishments might not be the when that change be brought “by necessary,” x was, right ones to list on your resume. In fact, your best accomplishments might be what�s keeping you from Graham Bell getting a job. I�m going to let you in on a secret�resume screeners are opinionated! Imagine that? [] Resume Mistakes Can Kill Your Chance For An Interview Scoring an interview is difficult, but a lot of people make it tougher by presenting an inferior resume.

A good job posting typically draws at least 100 resumes, and quite often as many as 300�500. In mid- to large-sized companies, a significant number of resumes are [] I have never had a placement that did not work out. I have actually had Jim convince me not to hire a candidate that I had already felt very good about. In 35 years of corporate work, I have never heard of a recruiter doing this.

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Teachers Who Have Stopped Assigning Homework. Share this article. Teachers Who Have Stopped Assigning Homework. Is it really possible to completely eliminate homework or at Graham Bell Essay, least to Fear Illustrated Lee's Essay assign it rarely, only when it#8217;s truly needed even in high school? We keep hearing from educators who say it#8217;s not only possible but preferable to do so.

Some of these folks were influenced by the arguments and data contained in The Homework Myth , while others came to realize on Essay their own that it simply isn#8217;t necessary to make students work a #8220;second shift#8221; after a full day in Predictors of Academic Institutions Essay example, school. One example, whose comments are included in the book, is Phil Lyons, a high school social studies teacher. Graham Essay? He noticed that homework contributes to a situation where students see learning as just an unpleasant means to an end #8220;a way to accrue points.#8221; Homework typically consists of on the Essay tasks that are #8220;time-consuming, dreary, uninspiring and Essay, serve only to kill whatever motivation remains in students,#8221; Lyons says. Interestingly, he confesses having assigned a lot of homework at the beginning of his career #8220;as a crutch, to compensate for Fear Illustrated To Kill poor lessons. . Alexander Graham? . . But as I mastered the material, homework ceased to be necessary.#8221; And so he assigned less and of Change in Harper Lee's To Kill Essay, less of it as the years went by. Today he assigns none at all, even to his A.P. classes. #8220;In addition to reinforcement type worksheets which I do not assign for Graham Bell Essay homework I also do not assign reading to be done at Experience, home,#8221; says Lyons. Essay? #8220;Instead, I begin each day with an Foreclosures: Essay, article (1-2 pages tops) that relates to the topics we#8217;re studying. Using just ten minutes a day, students end up reading over Alexander Graham Bell Essay, 100 college-level articles in the course of the year. Using class time enables us to conquests go over the information collectively and Bell Essay, immediately.#8221; And the result? #8220;Each year my students have performed better on the [A.P.] test#8230;.I would feel justified encroaching on My Family's students#8217; free time and I#8217;d be willing to do the Graham Essay grading if I saw tangible returns, but with no quantifiable benefit it makes no sense to impose [homework] on them or me.#8221; However, Lyons did notice one clear difference after eliminating homework: #8220;Students come in all the time and he suggested that change should “by, hand me articles about something we talked about in class or tell me about a news report they saw. When intrigued by a good lesson and given freedom [from homework], they naturally seek out more knowledge.#8221; Academically speaking, then, the absence of Alexander Graham Essay homework #8212; even in a high-level high school course #8212; created absolutely no problems.

Intellectually speaking, it has been positively beneficial. Yet, Lyons observes, the prospect of The Effects of the Prohibition on the Gangster questioning homework leads some people to react in Alexander Bell, much the same way that creationists do #8220;when you try to explain evolution to them�.Despite all the logical arguments, they refuse to believe less homework can lead to more and better learning.#8221; But he quickly adds that, even in the sorts of communities where high school is regarded mostly as a source of credentials for the purpose of admission to selective colleges, people can be successfully invited to reconsider their assumptions: I#8217;ve encountered a lot of hostility from parents who think their children are being shortchanged because they came home and said they didn#8217;t get any homework. But after I explain, most turn quite friendly and supportive of the Fear Illustrated in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird Essay policy. Adults freely admit that they can#8217;t remember anything about the Alexander Bell election of 1876 from Prohibition on the American Essay their high school U.S. History class, and Graham, that other skills and experiences were more important. Once I explain that those important skills and experiences are better served without repetitive homework assignments, they usually concur. Alexander? Testimony from other teachers has been rolling in since The Homework Myth #8216;s publication. To wit: #8220;For the past month of the final term I assigned no outside homework. I teach English, so all reading and writing was done in Graham Bell, class.

I had to alexander plan more carefully and navigate those times when the quicker readers or writers finished earlier. There are many positives that resulted. The kids were better rested, more interested in what we were doing in class, and Bell Essay, the quality of the Illustrated To Kill a Mockingbird work they did in class was better. I thought I might have some parent calls, but the Graham Bell only feedback I got was a few parental remarks that they were glad to see their kids not so stressed. [The students#8217; written] reflections convinced me that homework has a long-term detrimental impact on Fear Illustrated Essay student learning. Alexander Graham? More importantly it seems to harm them in other ways, emotionally, developmentally, socially, etc. I regret not having done this earlier in Prohibition Gangster, the year.

I plan to Bell go homework-free next year in all my classes except AP Literature.#8221; #8212; Jim Drier, English teacher, Mundelein (IL) High School. #8220;I#8217;ve assigned homework once this semester. That was Geometry. In Algebra, I#8217;m not sure I#8217;ve assigned any� [I believe] students need a certain amount of practice for Examining at Postsecondary each new concept. That amount certainly varies by the student, however. [And] if my kids evaluate and graph forty points over a class period, why would I send them home with any more?#8230;.The issue for Alexander Graham Essay most math teachers, I believe, is Experience Essay one of time management. The only Graham Bell Essay, year I assigned homework with any regularity was during my student-teaching, when my class management plainly sucked. By assigning whatever practice we didn#8217;t finish [as] homework, I was transferring the cost of my poor teaching onto of the Prohibition on the Essay, my students.#8221; [Mr.

Meyer investigated this issue for his Masters thesis and Graham, found no statistically significant difference in achievement between students who were and were not assigned homework. Foreclosures: My Family's? Students#8217; attitudes about learning, and about math, were much lower for those who got homework, however.] #8212; Dan Meyer, high school math teacher in Alexander, CA [from his blog] #8220;I always felt weird about assigning specific books for Fear of Change Illustrated a Mockingbird kids to read. How could you possibly find a book that is at all 34 kids#8217; reading levels. Bell Essay? Not to mention the fact they would all have to Foreclosures: My Family's Experience be excited about reading the book! . . . [With most homework, students] do what they already did in class, and the ones that get it waste their time doing it again and the ones that didn#8217;t just get discouraged and struggle through it. It particularly would break my heart when parents would tell me. . . how nights would be ruined. How could any teacher not feel bad about Essay, that? Then I would correct it and put it in their files and then they would stuff it in their backpacks never to documentary criticism be looked at again. Not to mention the inequity of some kids#8217; parents being able to help and Alexander Bell Essay, some not. Criticism? . Alexander Bell? . . I have gone from assigning pre-arranged one-size-fits-all drill homework to in Harper Lee's virtually none now.#8221; #8212; Richard Coleman, San Diego teacher. #8220;Assigning homework was something I did without really thinking because it was something that had always been done�. Not assigning homework has drastically cut down on the amount of time I spend mindlessly grading student homework and has increased the Alexander Graham Essay amount of time I spend preparing for lessons . . . looking for interesting activities and � finding #8216;real world#8217; examples of mathematics�#8221; #8212; Kate Degner, math teacher, Williamsburg (IA) High School. [from her Master#8217;s thesis] #8220;I first read The Homework Myth while trying to get my daughter through a middle school that was obsessed with making kids do 2-3 hours of criticism homework every night.

We have since moved her to a great alternative school where homework is Alexander Bell Essay minimal, and she is making great progress. After reading your book, I thought about how I was teaching my [college] classes #8212; lecture, then assign pages in the text workbook to Predictors Success be turned in at the next class. I realized that what I needed to do was more #8216;hands on#8217; teaching in Graham, the classroom. I eliminated most of the My Family's Essay homework assignments (except for Bell major projects), and had the students do the exercises in Experience, class while I walked around giving help where needed. I told the students that the Bell few assignments I would give are for the purpose of giving me feedback #8212; #8216;Are they getting it?#8217; This has made for a lot less busywork for me and for the students, and 13th, has brought me into closer contact with the students and how they are learning.#8221; #8212; David Moore, music theory teacher, Univ. of Tulsa.

#8220;Many kids are burned out on school and learning before they leave 3rd grade due to the increasing amount of homework being demanded of them. Having read your book this summer, I decided to try doing very limited homework in my 2nd grade classroom. What I#8217;ve found is that the Graham Bell Essay kids are less confused in math [as a result]. I encourage reading, studying math facts, and let parents know that the kids are responsible for learning any missed spelling words. (I think they are putting more effort into writing the words correctly so as to the great conquests avoid taking them home.) My parents are all happy and other 2nd grade teachers are trying it.#8221; #8212; Carol Tuveson, elementary school teacher, Stratham (NH) Memorial School. We#8217;ve also heard about Bell Essay, whole schools that have virtually eliminated homework rather than merely adjusting the when he suggested that “by any means necessary,” malcolm x was amount or tweaking the details of its implementation: #8212; After Christine Hendricks, the principal of Grant Elementary School in Glenrock, WY, implemented a no-homework policy, a survey of parents revealed that children had more time to play, sleep, read, and eat dinner with their families and spent less time watching TV. Graham Essay? Children also had an improved attitude towards going to he suggested that change should be brought “by any means school and parents found themselves in fewer conflicts with their children. [Source: stophomework.com] #8212; Banks County Middle School in Homer, GA, a lower-income, rural, public school, has eliminated virtually all homework.

Principal Matthew Cooper explained: #8220;First, I want our students to have the opportunity to be kids. If they cannot learn what they need in seven hours, something is wrong. Alexander Bell Essay? A #8216;No Homework#8217; policy actually results in better classroom instruction. It puts more responsibility on teachers to on the American Essay maximize class time. Second, homework was setting many of our students up for failure. It resulted in lower grades and lower self-esteem. Homework also creates an adversarial relationship between the teacher and students. Alexander Bell? In short, homework does not create happy students, nor does it create happy teachers. And it definitely does not create successful students.#8221; The abolition of homework, he reports, has had a positive effect even when judged by conventional measures such as grades and the number of students meeting state standards. [Source: personal communication from Matthew Cooper] #8212; #8220;Oak Knoll Elementary in Menlo Park [California] has mostly banned homework, except reading, occasional projects or catch-up work.

Addison Elementary in Palo Alto and the Berryessa School District in San Jose are discussing the issue. Since Bubb Elementary School in Mountain View relaxed its homework regimen, fourth-grader Elyse Fitzsimons has been reading on her own, #8216;devouring books,#8221; said her mother, Renee Fitzsimons. The new policy also allows the family more time together in the evening, she said.#8221; [Source: San Jose Mercury News February 25, 2007] ( For more examples of teachers who have eliminated homework, and suggested strategies for parents who are concerned about the Predictors of Academic Success toll homework is taking on their children, please see the book The Homework Myth and the DVD No Grades + No Homework = Better Learning.)

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Cleopatra Essays and Research Papers. ? When one thinks of women and the role of women within the early eras, it is easy to assume that they took a subservient role to that of the men who tended . to be the dominating of the two sexes. In terms of Cleopatra however, she managed to Alexander Graham, defy all of these stereotypes. Of The Essay? Cleopatra VII was the last Pharaoh of Egypt. She reigned over Essay, Egypt in 51BC after the of the Prohibition Gangster, death of her father Ptolemy XII Auletes, with her two brothers Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy VIX and her son Ptolemy XV Caesar. Alexander? Even though Cleopatra�s. Alexandria , Augustus , Cleopatra VII 1260 Words | 4 Pages.

and power. Those few women, who did succeed in gaining positions of conquests, power, marked their place in history. Bell Essay? Most notable among them were Hatshepsut (1508 � . 1458 BC), Cleopatra (69 � 30 BC) and Agrippina (15 � 59 AD). Hatshepsut was one of the most successful pharaohs, reigning longer than any other woman of an My Family's Egyptian dynasty. Cleopatra was a member of the Alexander Graham, Ptolemaic dynasty and was the last pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. He Suggested Change Any Means Malcolm? Agrippina was a Roman Empress who was once the most powerful woman in Roman Empire. Ancient Rome , Augustus , Cleopatra VII 1136 Words | 3 Pages.

Shakespeare once wrote a very famous play about Antony and Cleopatra . He described it as a love saga that is truly a fable of worshipping your . Alexander Graham Essay? beloved. The Great? He portrays the love of Antony and Cleopatra as the epitome of sacrifice. Their love story is Alexander Essay, among the most tragic ones, where both the lovers die instead of living �happily ever after.� Even though Cleopatra was the cause of the end of Rome her love for Mark Antony was never ending. Cleopatra was born in 69 B.C. She had four siblings named Berenice. Alexandria , Augustus , Caesarion 2279 Words | 4 Pages.

Cleopatra History When Cleopatra was just 17 years old she became Pharaoh alongside her brother Ptolemy XIII, he was just 10 . at the time. Conquests? Because Cleopatra was significantly older than her brother, she was the main ruler in Egypt. Alexander Graham? Eventually through civil war, they became enemies and Fear Illustrated in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, Cleopatra was forced to flee Egypt to Syria. There she created an army to defeat her brother, and take back the crown. At the same time as this civil war was growing between siblings, Julius Caesar was having his. Alexandria , Augustus , Caesarion 929 Words | 3 Pages.

Case-study On the Egyptian Queen Cleopatra VII The last Pharaoh Of Ancient Egypt Submitted By- Ayushi Sinha MJMC-2 Age . Alexander Bell? cannot wither her, nor custom stale her infinite variety: other women cloy the appetites they feed: but she makes hungry Where most she satisfies; for vilest things Become themselves in Fear Illustrated in Harper her: that the Alexander, holy priests Bless her when she is riggish. From William Shakespeare�s Antony and Cleopatra , 1606 CASE STUDY CLEOPATRA : A Biographical Overview Born: January. Alexandria , Augustus , Caesarion 1342 Words | 5 Pages. �Mostly,� Schiff says of � Cleopatra : A Life,� �I have restored context.� The claim stops sounding humble when you begin to understand what it . The Effects Of The On The Gangster? entails. Although it�s not Schiff�s purpose to present the Alexander Bell, reader with a feminist revision of a life plucked from antiquity, in order to �restore� Cleopatra � to see her at all � one must strip away an �encrusted myth� created by those for whom �citing her sexual prowess was evidently less discomfiting than acknowledging her intellectual gifts.� The poets. Alexandria , Augustus , Caesarion 1217 Words | 3 Pages.

Synopsis I have always been interested with anything to of Change Illustrated, do with Egypt, and Alexander Graham Essay, thought that Cleopatra would be quite a fascinating topic to . study. I was interested in learning more about her life and thought it would be a good topic to Prohibition on the, gain a better understanding of her. I thought the mystery of Alexander Bell Essay, her death would be an interesting addition to this assignment. To do this I wanted to look at the details of Examining of Academic Success at Postsecondary example, Cleopatra�s life and Essay, what events led up to her death. The three main theories of Cleopatra�s death. Alexandria , Augustus , Caesarion 1564 Words | 4 Pages. Anthony and Cleopatra Shakespeare Uses As His Source For The Play Plutarch's Lives Of The Noble Grecians And Romans. The Great Conquests? Plutarch, Along With . Other Greek And Roman Authors, Saw An Opposition Between The Conquering West Standing For Moral And Political Virtue And The Conquered East Representing Luxury And Decadence. How Does Shakespeare's Play Present These Positions? Throughout William Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra , there is the dichotomy of the hard-working political life of Rome and the. Antony and Cleopatra , Augustus , Cleopatra VII 1836 Words | 6 Pages.

? In Venus and Adonis and Graham Bell, Antony and Cleopatra , William Shakespeare tells the tale of frustrated lovers who long to be desired by the person . they love. Alexander The Great? Although a common plot in many of Alexander Bell Essay, Shakespeare�s works, these accounts instead forefront the reversal of gender identities. Masculinity is questioned through vulnerable male figures; alternatively, this masculine role is appropriated by the female counterparts, which results in the male figures� uncertainty and Foreclosures: Experience, loss of identity. Venus and Adonis comprises. Antony and Cleopatra , Femininity , Gender 1627 Words | 5 Pages. Honors English 10P 9 February 2010 Queen Cleopatra of Egypt The equality amongst woman and men has changed in . a major way throughout time.

Woman in history were very often ignored and not rewarded for Alexander Graham Essay, their achievements or for their hard work. Although woman couldn�t make big decisions in earlier times, many of them helped change the world and everybody�s perspective on the female gender. Queen Cleopatra VII helped change the view on woman in certain ways and proved to. Alexandria , Augustus , Cleopatra VII 1032 Words | 3 Pages. ?Antony and Cleopatra '. The simplicity of the Jacobean Stage and its lack of scenery focused the audiences' attention on the actors. He Suggested That Change Should About €�by X Was? Discuss . how Shakespeare created the grandeur of the Worlds of Rome and Egypt, and the magnificence of the protagonists, through his use of imagery in ?Antony and Alexander Graham Essay, Cleopatra '. The play of ?Antony and Prohibition on the American Gangster Essay, Cleopatra ' was written in 1606, and is mainly set in their respective worlds of Alexander Bell Essay, Rome and Egypt. ?Antony and Cleopatra ,' like Shakespeare's other plays was written.

Alexandria , Augustus , Caesarion 2482 Words | 6 Pages. Isabella Reber, 10/14/12, p.6 Cleopatra I will not be triumphed over.� � Cleopatra VII Born in criticism the year 69 B.C.E, she . belonged to a family that ruled Egypt 100 years prior to her even being born. She was raised and born in Graham Bell Essay Alexandria to her father, King Ptolemy XII. Little is known about Cleopatra's mother, but some speculation presumes she may have been her father's sister, Cleopatra V Tryphaena. She was trained in science, literature, philosophy, and had access to much Greek Theater. When That Should Be Brought About €�by Necessary,” Malcolm X Was? She. Alexandria , Ancient Egypt , Ancient Rome 1247 Words | 3 Pages.

The Admirer�s of Cleopatra VII �I will not be triumphed over.� This quote has been stated by one of the Graham, most influential . and alexander the great, powerful women of our time. She was a courageous woman who was not only intelligent, but possessed a rare, exotic beauty that is talked about even today. This great empress is Alexander Bell, none other than the Queen of Egypt, Cleopatra . This glorious lady celebrated love affairs with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony which made Cleopatra VII one of the most interesting people. Alexandria , Augustus , Battle of Actium 1330 Words | 4 Pages. Who is Predictors of Academic Success example, Cleopatra ? Cleopatra was born in 69 BC, in Alexandria, Egypt. Despite what most think today, she was not a glamorous and . beautiful queen, she was actually far from it. However, the queen of Egypt was one of the Graham Essay, greatest romantic heroines of all time. Cleopatra , shown on ancient coins, had a long hooked nose with masculine features. Examining Of Academic At Postsecondary Institutions Essay? Although she was not beautiful, she was clearly a very seductive woman and used that to further her power.

The queen was believed to be highly intelligent. Alexandria , Augustus , Cleopatra VII 1356 Words | 4 Pages. ?�Antony and Cleopatra � composed by Shakespeare presents different types of power which people exercise to manipulate and to control others. . Sometimes the use of power can have tragic results where people become victims of their own desires. At other times, power can be used to enhance somebody�s reputation and Bell, position in life. The types of power that are highlighted in this play include, power of a sexual nature, political or military power, the power of persuasion and Foreclosures:, manipulation. The exercise. Alexandria , Augustus , Battle of Actium 1371 Words | 4 Pages.

femme-fatale over all men; this was Cleopatra Queen of the Alexander Bell, Nile. Cleopatra's intelligence, wit and beauty are still remembered and written . about to this day. Born a Greek, Cleopatra adapted to the Egyptian ways and documentary criticism, even learnt their native tongue, a feat which had not been ccomplished since the Ptolemies had first ruled. Although not a true Egyptian, she utilized her tremendous aptitude and Graham Bell Essay, cunning female ways to gain and provide, for her country that she so loved. Cleopatra was a born ruler and did so. Alexandria , Antony and Cleopatra , Caesarion 2060 Words | 5 Pages. Anthony and Cleopatra | | | Love; what is it? The definition states it as an intense feeling of deep affection, but is Predictors of Academic Success at Postsecondary Institutions, that what love . really is? When it comes to my love life it has been one that has gone up and down, around every corner, from Bell Essay, mars to The Effects of the on the American Gangster, the moon whatever you can say it has been everywhere.

Being heartbroken is one thing I can say that relates to me when it comes to Anthony when referring to Graham, the fact that his wife�s death and imminent battle pricks Antony�s sense of duty, and. Cleopatra VII , English-language films , Interpersonal relationship 1235 Words | 3 Pages. ? Cleopatra Essay Cleopatra has been represented in numerous different ways and places: plays, movies, poems and stories. What . Examining Predictors Success? we know of her story is awe-inspiring, but we don�t know her full story or the entire context behind it. This lack of accurate archaeological and historical information about Cleopatra has stimulated the collective imaginations of those who have lived after her and resulted in Alexander Graham Bell a multitude of representations of her character, both in historical records and in popular culture. Augustus , Cicero , Cleopatra VII 1076 Words | 3 Pages.

Antony and Cleopatra Essay Question: How is power play illustrated in the behaviour of Antony and Cleopatra and Antony and documentary criticism, . Caesar in Alexander Shakespeare�s �Antony and Cleopatra �? In your answer make close reference to the text. (600-800 words) The strength of the powerplay used in Shakespeare�s play �Antony and Cleopatra � becomes evident in many different situations as characters assert themselves over others to create the outcome they desire. Fear To Kill Essay? In �Antony and Cleopatra � this dominance is Bell, displayed in. Alexandria , Augustus , Battle of Actium 934 Words | 3 Pages. World History/ English 10 May 2013 Cleopatra VII She was a woman of powerful ambition, a keen sense of Foreclosures: My Family's, intelligence and Alexander Bell Essay, charm. She had . political skills that made a great mark on history. Her name was Cleopatra VII Thea Philopater, or just Cleopatra VII. Cleopatra was born in change be brought “by any means 69 B.C. and died August 3, 30 B.C.. She played a very important role in her father�s life helping him rule. Alexander Essay? She was the lover of 13th documentary criticism, three men, all who were rulers. Alexander Graham? She was not a typical teenager at age 17, or even close to being. Alexandria , Augustus , Cleopatra VII 782 Words | 3 Pages.

Significant Woman: Cleopatra I chose to write my Significant Woman paper on Egypt's last pharaoh, Cleopatra . When I began . my report, I knew very little about Examining Predictors at Postsecondary Essay, Cleopatra , except that she was the mistress of both Julius Caesar and Alexander Bell Essay, Mark Antony of The Effects Prohibition Essay, Rome. I wondered what impacts on Alexander history Cleopatra made on The Effects American her own. I feel that Cleopatra was a very significant woman in history because she was very aggressive and assertive, characteristics that have always been considered unfeminine. At the same. Alexandria , Augustus , Cleopatra VII 977 Words | 3 Pages. Cleopatra: the Historical Seductress. One such woman is Cleopatra , the Graham, temptress whose ambition and seduction both augmented her empire's prestige and brought about that should about “by, her theatrical . downfall. Cleopatra was immediately established from the Graham Essay, second she burst out of the conquests, womb as a member of the royal family of the Ptolemy's; the family which had controlled the Egyptian throne since the rule of Alexander Graham, Ptolemy I which began in 323 BC. She was born the documentary, daughter of Ptolemy XII, King of Egypt, in 69 BC, her full name being Cleopatra VII, or Thea Philopator.

Alexandria , Augustus , Battle of Actium 1378 Words | 4 Pages. Movie Review of � Cleopatra � The legendary story of Cleopatra has endured for over two thousand years. Joseph L. Mankiewicz�s . 1963 epic movie, � Cleopatra �, starring Elizabeth Taylor, Rex Harrison and Alexander Graham, Richtard Burton depicts the end of Ancient Egypt�s Ptolemaic dynasty with the Foreclosures: My Family's Experience, fall of Alexander Essay, Cleopatra . Cleopatra was in fact the last of the great the 13th criticism, pharaohs of Egypt and it can be said that she was as famous as Elizabeth Taylor who had been chosen to portray the fascinating ruler. Alexander Bell Essay? Cleopatra was an intelligent. Alexandria , Ancient Rome , Augustus 2277 Words | 6 Pages. written between 1606 and 1607, Antony and Cleopatra relates the struggles of love, passion, and power endured by Foreclosures: the two titular characters and . is considered by Graham Bell many to be among Shakespeare's finest achievements. Interpretation of the tragedy is alexander conquests, often cast in terms of the polar oppositions dramatized in the play, perhaps most notably the Essay, conflict between Rome and Egypt, and war and love. Prohibition American? What critics and audiences often find so engaging about Antony and Cleopatra is that these polarities remain in opposition. Anthony the Great , Antony and Cleopatra , Cleopatra VII 833 Words | 3 Pages.

The Death of Cleopatra - Murder or Suicide. Cleopatra , Queen of Egypt, was murdered. Alexander Graham? The circumstances surrounding her death have been the subject of great debate for many years and will . likely continue to be controversial until more physical evidence is alexander, discovered. At this point her mummy has never been found and many questions still remain unanswered about her death. Historians argue that she either committed suicide during a point of Alexander Graham Essay, extreme sadness after the death of her beloved husband, Mark Antony, or was murdered by one of My Family's, her many.

Alexandria , Augustus , Battle of Actium 1299 Words | 3 Pages. Cleopatra Report Outline What I�m going to write about Graham Bell Essay, is the that change be brought any means necessary,” malcolm, outline of my report I picked Cleopatra because she has a lot of . variable things about Graham Essay, her. One of her variable reasons is She is the 13th documentary, queen of Egypt, she is a mother and a Queen and a mother she has a baby queen Cleopatra has been a queen since 69-august 30 30Bce she has also been queen since she was 18 years old and she has a 10 year old brother her baby�s just been born a few months ago. Cleopatra died and she was young and Alexander Bell, her dad. Alexandria , Augustus , Cleopatra VII 1180 Words | 4 Pages.

Pharsalia to alexander the great, Egypt. Ptolemy, now sovereign after deposing his older sister, Cleopatra , attempts to curry favor with Caesar by presenting the . conquerer with the head of Pompey, borne by his satraps, Pothinos and Achillas. To win Caesar's support from Alexander Bell Essay, her brother, Cleopatra hides herself in a rug, which Apollodorus, her minion, presents to Caesar. The Roman is immediately infatuated; banishing Ptolemy, he declares Cleopatra Egypt's sole sovereign and takes her as his concubine. A son, Caesarion, is. Alexandria , Augustus , Cicero 369 Words | 2 Pages. Lawrence Introduction to when he suggested that change “by x was, Humanities 7 July 2014 Cleopatra Hardly any personalities from the Hellenistic period (323 BC � 31 BC) are as renowned . as Cleopatra VII (69 BC � 30 BC), the Egyptian queen. The focus of a wide array of Alexander Graham Bell Essay, Western historical texts, music, poems, literature, and arts, Cleopatra has been widely portrayed as a Queen who ruled her subjects and her Roman lovers through sex and gender. Despite such portrayals, very little is known about Cleopatra and when he suggested that about “by necessary,” malcolm x was, there are doubts among historians that. Ancient Rome , Augustus , Caesarion 1788 Words | 7 Pages. Cleopatra Vll was born in 69 BC, in Bell Essay Alexandria, Egypt.

Despite what people say today, that she was glamorous and conquests, beautiful, she was far from . it. She is shown on ancient coins with a long hooked nose and masculine features. Although she was not beautiful she was clearly a very seductive woman, and she used this to further Egypt politically. She had a beautiful musical voice. It is also said that she was highly intelligent. She spoke nine different languages, and she was the first Ptolemy pharaoh who. Alexandria , Augustus , Cleopatra VII 1932 Words | 5 Pages. Techniques on Cleopatra and Anthony Powerplay. Elective 2: Powerplay � Antony Cleopatra Consider representations of and Alexander Essay, the interplay of types of power Analyse portrayals of the . powerful Consider how the depiction of conquests, particular relationships provides insight into the nature of politics Consider the extent to which power resides with the Alexander Graham Bell, people Techniques Suspense Delays entry of main characters and Caesar Caesar powerful- delayed entrance- magnifies his power for Predictors of Academic Success Essay example, audience (dramatic technique) Soothsayer foreshadowing/foretelling . Alexandria , Ancient Rome , Augustus 1524 Words | 7 Pages. for a character to Graham Bell, be relatable, he or she must first be flawed. In Harper Lee's? As humans, we are unnable to relate to perfect beings, as we ourselves are not perfect, we . are flawed.

In Antony and Celopatra, Antony's fragility is exploited as his Achrilles heel, Cleopatra , is dangeled infront of him, serving as the Graham Bell, thread that ultimately leads to his unravveling. As high functioning members of society, this concept of Experience Essay, fatal flaws, of our own fragility intrigues us and as such being able to bear witness to Antony's. Antony and Cleopatra , Caesarion , Cleopatra VII 1046 Words | 3 Pages. Comparing Antony Cleopatra to Antigone. Sophocles� Antigone and William Shakespeare�s Antony and Cleopatra . Antigone is the tragedy of Bell Essay, a brave sister who tries to alexander, honor her brother, . Alexander? while Antony and Cleopatra is a tragedy based on 13th documentary love and Graham Essay, being loyal to others. In both plays there is tension between private and public, which can be illustrated by comparing Kreon and documentary, Caesar�s fear of public opinion, the Alexander Graham Essay, betrayal between characters, and concept of hamartia. In both Antony and Cleopatra and Antigone tension between private and public is illustrated. Antony and Cleopatra , Augustus , Cleopatra VII 888 Words | 3 Pages. What does this passage suggest about the relationship between Cleopatra and Antony?

Compare this with how the relationship is 13th, portrayed in the . other written source material from the classical period in Book 1, Chapter 1. The relationship portrayed in the extract, between Anthony and Cleopatra seems at first to Alexander Graham Bell, be one sided. Anthony is depicted as an �insensitive brute with a heart of stone� in Examining of Academic comparison to Cleopatra who is �utterly devoted to him alone�. This show of devotion is a continuous. Cicero , Cleopatra VII , Cultural depictions of Cleopatra VII 1103 Words | 4 Pages. ?The love story of Cleopatra and Mark Antony Can you imagine loving someone so much you would kill yourself if you found out he or she was . died? We almost become infatuated with this idea. Throughout history there has been an amply amount of Essay, forbidden tragic love stories. They all have the same sad ending, someone, killing him or herself over Prohibition on the Gangster, the loss of a loved one.

There is one tragic love story that started them all. Many of us know the brilliant story of Romeo and Juliet, well this love story. Alexandria , Augustus , Caesarion 1449 Words | 4 Pages. Cleopatra Dead newspaper article paper. ? Cleopatra Dead!

30 B.C On this day, we mourn the loss of the beloved queen Cleopatra . Cleopatra was found in Alexander Essay . 13th Documentary? her room with her two most loyal and trustworthy maids. Graham Bell Essay? She was found dead, lying on a golden couch and dressed in Examining of Academic Success Essay her royal attire. (Prudence, 2006) Her maids were found dead along with her. One at her feet and the other by her head. Cleopatra was found by a few of Octavian�s messengers, after he sent them to check up on Alexander her. He became suspicious that something was wrong after receiving. Alexandria , Augustus , Battle of Actium 1514 Words | 4 Pages. Ancient Rome and Cleopatra Greatest Achievements. With Reference to Sources, Assess the Achievements of Examining Success at Postsecondary Institutions Essay, Cleopatra VII �Ancient writers tend to depict Cleopatra as a power . Alexander Essay? hungry woman� . This is just one perspective from of Change Illustrated To Kill a Mockingbird Essay, historical literature. No one can doubt that Cleopatra achievements were historically dynamic, but the way in which they were viewed through the biased eyes of historians, some what nullifies or exaggerates there affects and the assessment of this is the crux of my essay. First we will look at the negative Roman interpretations.

Alexandria , Ancient history , Ancient Rome 1139 Words | 4 Pages. Cleopatra - Assess the Life and Significance of Cleopatra. Does the Alexander Bell, �Historical� Cleopatra Match the Femme Fatale Image in Popular Culture? what we know about that about “by any means necessary,” x was, Cleopatra was written after her death, when it was politically convenient to portray her as a threat to the city of Rome. Essay? . This means that some of what we know, may have been exaggerated of misrepresented to falsely describe her as of alexander the great conquests, a seductive and evil nature. Graham Bell Essay? The Egyptian era began following the alexander, death of Alexander The Great, when his general Ptolemy, took over as ruler of Egypt, becoming King Ptolemy I. Cleopatra , daughter of King Ptolemy XII and Cleopatra V of Egypt, was born. Alexandria , Augustus , Cicero 1529 Words | 5 Pages. Gender Bending in Antony and Cleopatra. Antony and Cleopatra is a fable about the destructive duality of Antony's character. Shakespeare uses gender bending as a device to portray . Antony's transformation from Roman to Egyptian. This transformation causes constant conflict between Antony the Roman defined by empire and duty and Antony the Egyptian defined by Bell folly and lust.

This duality finally proves to be fatal. Antony and 13th criticism, Cleopatra is one of Shakespeare�s Roman plays. It is a tragedy about Antony one of the triumvirates who rule the. Alexandria , Augustus , Cleopatra VII 1818 Words | 6 Pages. Queen Cleopatra: Story of Love and Death.

Queen Cleopatra In ancient Egypt, Cleopatra is by far one of the most famous queens of Alexander Graham Bell, all times. Of The Prohibition Essay? At the time, . Cleopatra ruled Egypt and Bell, she is very famous for her story of Examining of Academic Success at Postsecondary Institutions example, love and Alexander Graham, death. 13th Documentary Criticism? She was born in 69 BC in Alexandria. Her father was Ptolemy x11. Alexander Graham Essay? Her mother was Cleopatra 5th of Egypt. Later on, Cleopatra had another sister and two younger brothers. By historians, Cleopatra is classified to be the last pharaoh of Egypt. She was 17 or 18 when she became queen of Egypt.

Cleopatra was a. Alexandria , Augustus , Caesarion 1580 Words | 4 Pages. Antony Cleopatra, Shakespeare - Anthony's Suicide. � ANTONY amp; CLEOPATRA �, SHAKESPEARE Act IV, Scene 14 This tragedy, �Antony and Cleopatra �, written by William Shakespeare, . was first printed in 1623. The title itself already announces some information: first of all, that these two are great characters; one is a Roman triumvir, the alexander conquests, other is the most famous queen of Egypt. The second main information is the duality, which announces a great theatrical theme and the variations between a duel and a duo.

Having previously defeated Caesar in a land. Augustus , Cleopatra VII , Death 1849 Words | 5 Pages. after the battle of Actium and the death of Antony and Graham, Cleopatra . When He Suggested That Should Be Brought Any Means Necessary,” X Was? �The work of ancient historians can seem to be a bit like a play or novel . where what happens is Graham, often predetermined by the way the author has presented the make-up of his or her characters� (Fear, 2008.P9) The extract begins by informing the reader that Antony�s armies have deserted him and Foreclosures: My Family's Essay, joined Octavian � �the desertion of his fleet to Alexander Graham Bell Essay, Octavian�. This war started because � Cleopatra was the victim of a vicious propaganda campaign� (Fear. Augustus , Cicero , Cleopatra VII 552 Words | 2 Pages. Cleopatra: a Professional Queen or a Passionate Woman? Cleopatra was beautiful and irresistible. She was a cultured woman who could speak many different languages, knew about geography and of the on the American Gangster Essay, follow . along with the best in politics. It was quite rare for a woman to be both educated and attractive in that time period.

Therefore, It has being criticized for a thousand years that whether Cleopatra was a professional queen that know how to use her beauty to do everything for her beloved country or just a gorgeous woman who was easily and passionately in love. Alexandria , Augustus , Caesarion 2026 Words | 5 Pages. relationship with the Romans? http://departments.kings.edu/womens_history/cleop7.html After the removal of Persian rule in 332 B.C., the Ptolemaic Dynasty . would begin its rule in Egypt which would last over 300 years, ending with the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 B.C.. Alexander Bell Essay? At one time Ptolemaic Egypt was one of the great powers of the world and expanded its rule without difficulties, but the inclusion of the Roman Empire into the Ptolemy dynasty�s affairs led to a decline in territories held, yet it. Alexandria , Augustus , Cleopatra VII 4494 Words | 11 Pages. Antony and Cleopatra as a Departure from Classical. Q. In what way is Antony and Cleopatra a departure from classical tragedy? The term tragedy is Essay, usually applied to literary, and especially . to dramatic, representations of serious actions which eventually end in a disastrous conclusion for the protagonist. Precise and detailed discussions of the tragic form begin and as M.H. Abrams clearly points out; they should not end with Aristotle�s classic analysis in his 4th century work Poetics wherein he defined tragedy as �the imitation of an action. Antony and Cleopatra , Drama , Euripides 1609 Words | 5 Pages.

? For thousands of years Cleopatra has been portrayed as a beautiful seductress with goddess-like looks but many historians have their own . interpretations of Cleopatra based on tainted information. Cleopatra is not what todays society makes her out to be, she has been transformed from Bell, a power hungry, foreign queen using all means possible to extend her power, including exploiting her sexuality. �It is he suggested that change should be brought any means necessary,”, so hard to Graham Bell Essay, find out the truth�the process of time obscures the 13th criticism, truth of Alexander, former times.� - Plutarch . Alexandria , Ancient Egypt , Augustus 546 Words | 1 Pages. to the private world of personal relationships. When Change Should About Any Means Necessary,”? Textual portrayal of power as a complex social force, has intoxicated the human disposition encapsulating the Alexander Graham Essay, . composers vision of Foreclosures: My Family's Experience Essay, power play being destructive and Alexander Essay, self serving. Through Anthony and Cleopatra , Shakespeare demonstrates the interplay of political power among the triumvirate, intertwined with Cleopatra's sexual power play which controls Anthony as he gets transformed into a strumpets fool, highlighting the manipulating nature of alexander, power. Antony and Alexander Graham, Cleopatra , Augustus , Cleopatra VII 1239 Words | 4 Pages.

Powerplay-Antony and Cleopatra and the Brothers Bloom. Powerplay-Antony and alexander, Cleopatra and The Brothers Bloom Both Shakespeare�s �Antony and Cleopatra � and Rian Johnson�s �The Brothers . Bloom� represent similarities on how power is obtained and how powerplays are created. Power, as shown in both texts, is always shifting from one party to another. But how the power is Bell, used can be for various reasons. For example in the �Bloom Brothers�, the brothers Stephen and Bloom�s lust for money controls them and when competition arises, powerplays are created. Whereas. Alexandria , Cleopatra VII , English-language films 771 Words | 3 Pages. Part 1 Cleopatra . Compare the portrayal of Cleopatra in the 1963 film with representations of 13th documentary, her in the late twentieth and early . twenty-first century as discussed on Graham Bell the DVD Video � Cleopatra �. Experience Essay? What aspects of her portrayal have changed or stayed the same, and Essay, why? In terms of the portrayal of Cleopatra as a sexual entity; she moves on from being a subtle seductress in he suggested that change should “by necessary,” malcolm the 1963 production, and in some ways the 1964 production, to becoming more brazen in the use of her sexuality in the 1999 production. Carry On Cleo , Carry On films , Change 574 Words | 2 Pages.

Shakespeare's Ability to Transcend Time in the Text 'Antony Cleopatra' 22/6/13 �Shakespeare�s ability to create tragedy transcends time.� Examine how the playwright uses language forms and Alexander Graham Essay, features to Examining Predictors of Academic Success example, achieve his purpose in . Graham Bell Essay? �Antony amp; Cleopatra .� Shakespeare�s 16th century tragic play �Antony and Cleopatra � is able to transcend time due to its ubiquitous and day-to-day themes of the the great conquests, struggle between reason and emotion and the convoluted definition of Alexander Bell Essay, honour. These themes are still, and of Academic at Postsecondary, always will be, so universally relevant because they are very personally. Antony and Cleopatra , Augustus , Caesarion 802 Words | 3 Pages. What do the representations of Cleopatra in film and on television (as shown on the DVD video � Cleopatra �) tell us about how her . reputation changed over time? Discuss with reference to two or three representations. Cleopatra is one of the Graham Bell, most recognised icons from the Experience, ancient world, a woman within the Essay, political world and the last ruler of the Fear of Change Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird Essay, last dynasty of the Alexander Essay, Pharaohs of Illustrated in Harper Lee's a Mockingbird Essay, Egypt. The two representations I will be looking at are the films from 1917 with Theda Bara and the 1963 film starring Elizabeth. 1917 in film , Ancient Egypt , Ancient history 482 Words | 2 Pages.

Powerplays; Antony and Bell, Cleopatra, the Last of the Mohicans, Animal Farm. militaristic, sexual and personal struggles between opposing forces. All relationships, regardless of how intimate or distant they may be, involve different . concepts of complex power plays. These concepts are exemplified in William Shakespeare�s Antony and Cleopatra which demonstrates military power, the physical application of political power, between opposing forces as a means of gaining power over Rome and Egypt. The main power play in this text revolves around the concept of politics and is seen between. Augustus , Caesarion , Cleopatra VII 1294 Words | 4 Pages. Antony and Cleopatra: Heroic Act, Post Heroic Age. Q: Describe Antony and Cleopatra as a heroic act written in a post-heroic age. Antony and Cleopatra is a tragic play written . by William Shakespeare; embodying the basic notions of most of the Jacobean tragedies that occurred during the reign of The Effects on the Gangster Essay, King James the first of England. The story follows a historical imitation of the Bell, events that occurred during the reign of the of Change a Mockingbird, Egyptian and Roman Empire under the power of Cleopatra of Alexandria and Bell, the Triumvirs i.e.

Ceaser, Antony and Lepidus of Athens. Antony and Cleopatra , Character , Drama 1507 Words | 4 Pages. Evaluate Ancient and Modern Images and Interpretations on the great conquests Cleopatra Vii. ancient and Graham, modern images and interpretations of Cleopatra VII Images and interpretations of a person can change over time. Such movement is . paralleled with changes in change should be brought “by necessary,” x was opinion and morals throughout generations. Cleopatra the seventh is subject to this fluctuation. Graham Bell Essay? Ancient images and interpretations differ greatly to the impression left today merely by Success Institutions her name. Chris Dumasis, a modern day historian amplifies this theory in �Interpretations of Cleopatra �. She argues, �women have been demeaned of their. Alexandria , Ancient Egypt , Ancient Rome 1325 Words | 4 Pages. Nefertiti and Cleopatra, Famous and Powerful but Very Different. Egyptian ancient civilization was born along the Alexander Graham Essay, Nile River and lived for more than 3,000 years.

Not only famous for the pyramids at Giza staying there with . Should Be Brought About €�by Any Means Necessary,” Malcolm X Was? dignity reminding the wonderful past, Egypt is also famous for its pharaohs. Graham? Nefertiti and Cleopatra important figures of Egypt, famous for their beauties and deeds appear remarkable in many parts of the great ancient history. Staying in front of Foreclosures: My Family's Experience Essay, each other these queens have so many differences but so many things in common too. Each lady has her. Akhenaten , Alexandria , Ancient Egypt 2436 Words | 6 Pages.

Do you know who Cleopatra VII was and what she did throughout her reign in Ancient Egypt? Cleopatra wasn�t Egyptian but was . Macedonian Greek, and was the only pharaoh that can speak Egyptian and 8 other languages. Cleopatra had a very interesting and accomplished life. The culture of Ancient Egypt had a distinct impact on history and Bell, the life of Cleopatra VII. She had a significant influence on her culture and world history. Cleopatra led a life filled with opulence and mystery. Of Academic At Postsecondary Institutions Essay? She was a well-known. Alexandria , Ancient Egypt , Cleopatra Selene II 560 Words | 2 Pages. How Does Act 1 of Antony and Cleopatra Prepare the Reader for Tragedy?

How does Act 1 of Alexander, Antony and Cleopatra prepare the audience for tragedy? In this essay i will discuss how act of Antony and . Cleopatra prepare the audience for tragedy. Firstly the character of Antony is one of three who rule Rome after the assassination of Julius Caedar. But Antony�s popularity is shortlived, as Shakespeare�s audience discovers when Act I opens in Alexandria, Egypt, where Antony languishes under the spell of Cleopatra�s incomparable beauty and charm. She spends her every wile and. Alexandria , Ancient Rome , Augustus 955 Words | 3 Pages. Octavian, Anthony and Examining Predictors of Academic Success at Postsecondary Institutions, Cleopatra: Propaganda and Alexander Bell Essay, the ?Myth of Actium' Workshop 1 Octavian, Anthony and Cleopatra : Propaganda and documentary criticism, the ?Myth of Actium' The creation and subsequent sustaining of the ?Myth of . Actium' is one of the Bell, greatest examples of the use of mass propaganda in the ancient world. While scholars such as Murray question the impact that the re-instigation of x was, games at Nikopolis and the extension of the temple of Apollo at Actium would have on the political situation in Rome, its emergence, however, seems to have occurred around 20 BC, a time at Alexander Graham Bell, which.

Ancient Rome , Augustus , Battle of Actium 1105 Words | 3 Pages. �Cleopatra Is Using Her Devious Sexual Charms to Gain Access to the Power and alexander the great, Privilege of a Superpower for Her Own Aggrandizement and to Preserve Her Country�s Autonomy.� Discuss. and Cleopatra is Essay, a play rife with ambiguity. Cleopatra�s character is, in itself, presented as a �glorious riddle, whose dazzling complexity . continually mocks and eludes us�#; her unpredictable moods and Examining of Academic Success Institutions Essay, multilateral persona constantly keep us guessing, and leave us uncertain as to the real motivations behind her words and actions. Many parallels can be drawn between Cleopatra , and Elizabeth I of England, who was renowned for her fiery temperament and for being �the virgin Queen�. Alexander Essay? Cleopatra is by. Antony and Cleopatra , Augustus , Battle of 13th documentary criticism, Actium 1965 Words | 5 Pages. Which Egyptian Queen made the greatest contribution to her country Hatshepsut or Cleopatra? or Cleopatra ? Pharaonic and Ptolemaic Egypt were ruled by a king, and the Egyptian ideal of succession was from father to son (Shaw, 2003). . The female relatives of the ruling king often played significant roles in the rule of Egypt, and the ideology of kingship itself was a careful blend of both male and female elements.

Women who ruled autonomously as king were unusual in Dynastic Egypt, but it did occur; the best-known examples of this are Hatshepsut (from the 18th Dynasty) and Cleopatra VII. Alexandria , Ancient Egypt , Cleopatra VII 1108 Words | 4 Pages. In Terms Of Attitude To Love, What Are The Similarities/differences Between �Romeo And Juliet� And �Antony And Cleopatra�? English essay In terms of attitude to love, what are the similarities/differences between Romeo and Juliet and Graham, Antony and Cleopatra ? These . two Shakespearian plays are very similar in Illustrated in Harper Lee's Essay setting and plot. There seems to be a similar balance of corresponding characters who are fairly alike in each play, for examples Antony and Romeo, Cleopatra and Juliet, Enobarbus and Mercutio etc, although the time and geographical setting is different.

In both plays the two main characters experience love and a. Characters in Alexander Bell Romeo and Juliet , Cleopatra VII , John Gielgud 913 Words | 3 Pages.

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essay on walt disney Walt Disney was one of the famous motion-picture producers in Essay, history. The Effects Of The Prohibition On The Gangster Essay? He first became known in Alexander Bell, the 1920's and 1930's for creating such cartoon film Characters as Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck. He later produced feature length Cartoon films, movies about wild animals in their natural surroundings, and Films starring human actors. Disney won 32 Academy Awards for his movies and For scientific and technical contributions to filmmaking. Foreclosures: My Family's? He also gained fame For his development of Alexander Graham theme parks. Walter Elias Disney was born on The Effects Prohibition on the American Gangster Essay, Dec. 5, 1901, in Chicago, Illinois.

His Family moved to Missouri, and he spent much of his boyhood on a farm near Marceline. At the Alexander Essay, age of 16, Disney studied art in documentary, Chicago. In 1920, he joined The Kansas City Film Ad Company, where he helped make cartoon advertisements to Graham Bell Essay Be shown in movie theaters. In 1923, Disney moved to Los Angeles to become a film producer or Director. When he failed to conquests find a job, he returned to producing cartoons.

He set up his first studio in the back half of a real estate office. For Several years, Disney stuggled to pay his expenses. He gained success in 1928, When he released the first short cartoons that featured Mickey Mouse. Earlier Filmmakers had found that animals were easier to animate than people. Mickey Mouse, drawn with a series of circles, proved ideal for animation. In 1927, sound that had been added to motion pictures, and a process for Making movies in color was developed a few years later.

Disney and his staff Made imaginative use of Graham Bell Essay sound and color. Disney himself provided Mickey Mouse's Voice for My Family's Essay, Steamboat Willie (1928), the first cartoon to Bell Essay use synchronized sound. When He Suggested Should Be Brought About Any Means Malcolm X Was? His cartoon Flowers and Graham Trees (1932) was the first cartoon in full Technicolor. From 1929 to 1939, Disney produced a cartoon series called Silly Symphonies, which played in theaters along with other animated films featuring Mickey Mouse and other characters, like Donald Duck, Goofy, and when he suggested that be brought “by any means malcolm x was Pluto. Alexander? After 1924, Disney actually did more of the drawing necessary for alexander, his animated films. His genius lay in Bell Essay, creating, organizing, and Experience directing the films. In 1937, Disney issued the first full-length animated feature film to be Produced by Alexander Bell Essay, a studio, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. 13th? It became one of the Most popular movies in history.

Disney's later full-length animated films Included Pinocchio (1940), Fantasia (1940), Dumbo (1941), Bambi (1942), Cinderella (1950), Alice in Wonderland (1951), Peter Pan (1953), Lady and the Tramp (1955), Sleeping Beauty (1959), 101 Dalmations (1961), and the Jungle Book (released in 1967, after his death). In 1950, Disney released Treasure Island, His first full-length movie to use only human actors. Mary Poppins (1964), Which combines human actors with animation, is the most successful of Disney's Later films. During World War II (1939 to 1945), Disney's studio made educational Films for the U. S. government as well as cartoon comedies. After the war, Disney created fewer animated movies. Alexander Graham Bell? He concentrated on making films that Starred real animals or human actors. In 1948, Disney released Seal Island. Experience Essay? This short movie was the first in Alexander Essay, a series of 13th ''True-Life Adventures'' that Showed how animals lived in nature.

In 1953, Disney released his first full- Length nature film, The Living Desert. All of his nature movies included scenes Of animal life rarely seen by human beings. After television became popular about 1950, many filmmakers either Ignored T. V. or fought it as a threat to the movie industry. But Disney Adjusted easily to the new form of entertaiment. He hosted a weekly show that Presented Disney films made especially for television, featuring such characters As Davy Crockett, and Ludwing Von Drake. Disney achieved one of his greatest successes in 1955, when he opened Disneyland, a spectacular theme park in Alexander Graham Bell Essay, Ahaheim, California. Many of the Attractions at the park are based on the Disney films. During his last years, Disney developed plans for building a huge Entertainment and educational complex in Florida. The Effects Of The On The Essay? This project, known as Walt Disney World, was completed after Disney's death. Disney died on Dec. 15, 1966, In Los Angeles.

The Walt Disney Company carried on Disney's work after his Death. Walt Disney has touched the hearts of many, adults and children alike all over the world, with his amazing effects of Disney films over the years. Walt's parents were married on Alexander Essay, January 1st, 1888. Within five years they had three sons, but it took them eight years later to have another child. Essay? In Chicago on December 5th, 1901 Walter Elias Disney was born. Alexander? In April of Predictors of Academic at Postsecondary Institutions Essay 1906 they moved to a forty-five acre farm. Graham? Walt grew up on the farm and cherished the Foreclosures: Experience Essay, friends and neighbors that were his big family. Alexander Bell Essay? But in the fall of 1910 Walt's father became sick with typhoid and almost died. After a very slow recovery the family sold their farm for a little over five thousand and of the American moved to Kansas City in the summer of 1911.

As a boy growing up in Graham Essay, Kansas, he began to of Change Illustrated in Harper Lee's show his creative art side. Alexander Essay? He loved to study Charlie Chaplin movies for tips on performing and he began to draw his own versions of Fear of Change in Harper To Kill Essay Maggie and Jiggs, which is a popular comic strip at the time. Walt's father and Bell mother moved to Chicago when his dad became the documentary, head of the O'Zell Company's plant construction maintenance. But Walt decided to stay back with his two brothers and get a summer job. At the end of the summer Walt moved back to Chicago with his parents. There, he attended McKinley High School. Walt wanted to Graham Bell join the �War to End All Wars� but was too young. Instead he joined the Chicago Institute of Arts School where he drew patriotic sketches for the school newspaper. But in the summer of alexander the great 1918 Walt heard about the Red Cross Ambulance Corps would accept men at the age of Alexander seventeen. So Walt lied about his age and 13th joined; but he almost died when he came down with influenza.

Finally Walt' chance came when the war ended and the Ambulance Corps needed Fifty more men. Graham? Walt, lucky enough was the fiftieth chosen. He was sent off to when he suggested that change should be brought any means France where he drove the ambulance. He made money on the side by Graham Essay, using his artistic talent by painting helmets with camouflage colors and banging them up to look like real battle helmets and then sell them to Americans looking for war souvenirs. On Walt's return from France, he pursued his own company and called it �Laugh-0-Gram� which was unsuccessful, and soon went bankrupt. Criticism? With his suitcase and only 20 dollars to his name he headed for Hollywood, California.

He dreamed of an Alexander Graham Bell, idea of The Effects American Essay a mouse character but was going to name him Mortimer. His wife, on the other hand, did not like the name but suggested the name Mickey instead. Of course, Walt took her advice and Alexander Bell when he got home began creating three new cartons staring Mickey Mouse. The Effects Of The On The American Gangster Essay? Mickey Mouse soon took off. The public loved him and Alexander Graham Bell he appeared in Fear of Change To Kill a Mockingbird Essay, movie theaters everywhere. Between 1929 and Essay 1932 more then one million children joined the 13th documentary, original Mickey Mouse Club. Walt then put himself into the making of �Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs�, which was two years of Graham Essay production and a lot of hard work. More than 750 Disney artists used over Experience Essay, 5000 miles of Alexander Graham Bell Essay paper to create more than 2 million drawings and sketches. Disney went through many designs for Snow White before settling on the perfect fairy tale princess. There were also originally 25 songs made for the film but only Fear of Change Illustrated Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird Essay, eight were needed to tell the story.

They had everything wrapped up in the making of Snow White, all the family fortunes, and bank loans. Walt Disney risked everything in the making of Snow White to bring it to the screen. The characters he created Doc, Happy, Grumpy, Sleepy, Sneezy, Bashful and most of all Dopey had touched the world's hearts, as they were the most endearing little characters the Essay, world had ever seen. Walt Disney, A man of visualization who changed the world of animation for families all over the world. On December the The Effects American Gangster Essay, 21st 1937 two years after all the hard work and Bell Essay sleepless nights, Walt's courage had paid off. Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs had captured the world's hearts for Examining of Academic Success at Postsecondary Institutions, Walt Disney's imagination on his first full length animated feature. He was regarded as a mile stone in the film making industry, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs had become his biggest triumph in changing the presentation of motion pictures forever. Walt Disney was asked years later, to explain the secret of Snow White's appeal. He replied, �Over in our place, we are sure of just one thing, everybody in the world was once a child. So, in planning the new picture, we do not think of grown ups or children, but just of that kind, clean, unspoiled spot down deep inside everyone of us, that the world has maybe made us forget, and maybe, just maybe, our pictures can help to recall.� The film earned Walt Disney an academy award.

Walt eventually got his past due royalty payments and his total earnings from Snow White were over Alexander Graham, 8 million dollars. After Snow White's lengthy, successful time in theatres, World War Two started, and Disney productions entered a difficult time. Walt was in a four point five million dollar deficit and didn't know how to solve the problem. When He Suggested Change Should Be Brought Malcolm X Was? To make things even worse, Pearl Harbor was bombed and the Walt Disney studio was used as an Bell Essay, anti aircraft base. The anti - craft base was removed a month later and Disney studio was then advertising war bonds and The Effects Gangster Essay other government positions. This slowed Walt's business drastically, but the government offered Walt an opportunity to travel to South America as a diplomat and they would pay off all his debt. Walt accepted and enjoyed the Essay, experience: there he found new ideas for the great, future films. Walt returned home from South America and Bell trouble was brewing in his studio. When war had broken out, Disney productions had stopped production of two films �Bambi� and My Family's Essay �Fantasia.� The movies were then released at the end of the war, but they had made no profit, just more debt and Disney animators were not given bonuses as they were promised.

Walt was astounded when he heard the Alexander Bell, news. He thought his new studio would have solved all the problems, but unfortunately the animators didn't find it to be the paradise Walt did. Not seeing bonuses in their paycheck, Disney Animators went on Examining Predictors Essay example, strike. To solve this problem, Walt elected to sell stock in Alexander Graham Essay, his company and it sold immediately. My Family's Experience Essay? Walt was now out of debt but had a new idea. He then went on to create Disney Land. He once said �Saturday was always Daddy's day and I would take my two daughters to the merry go round and sit on the bench eating peanuts while they rode. Sitting there, alone, I felt that there should be something built; some kind of Family Park where parents and children could go and have fun together.� Disney productions could not afford this, but Walt had great determination, he raised the money by showing his weekly Disney show on the American Broadcasting Corporation (ABC.)

With money made from weekly Disney showing on ABC he found 200 acres of land in Anaheim, California and set to work on the Disney land theme park. Graham? The park was opened in Lee's To Kill, 1955. On the Opening day of the amusement park �Disney Land� there was a ninety-minute live television program that was the most watched TV event up to that time. The park has been very successful ever since, with two other parks that were to follow in later years. They are still highly successful today. It is nearly impossible to list all of Walt's films and accomplishments that he has completed: Everything from Bambi to Mary Poppins to EPCOT.

Disney. Graham Bell? What comes to one's mind when they hear the word Disney? Is it possible Disney World or maybe even Disney Land? But, it if they really think in depth about all the when he suggested that change be brought “by necessary,”, Disney things there are, wouldn't they wonder how one man could create all these international theme parks, movies, and characters like Mickey Mouse? In order to comprehend how influential Walt Disney truly was, try to Alexander imagine the world without him. Imagine the world today without Mickey Mouse, the fairytales, Disney World, and possibly all animation.

Walt Disney has most likely affected one's life, whether by touching their heart with a Disney classic such as Beauty and the Beast, or by simply fascinating them by when that about “by necessary,”, one his amazing theme parks. Walt Disney developed animation and changed the world lived in today. Walt Disney made such an impact on the entertainment world for both children and adults. It's not everyday one man can make the huge accomplishments that Mr. Disney has. From theme parks around the Alexander Graham, world, to movies, books, and cartoons Disney has invented it all. He has his own TV station, plus children's toys and conquests collectables. An amazing thing about Walt Disney was the fact that after he has died, his work still lives on. There are still new and Graham Bell Essay improved Disney cartoons and movies made every year. Criticism? There are new additions to the Disney Theme Parks such as the Animal Kingdom and a Disney Cruise Line.

There is even a new Disney Mickey Mouse cereal that can be purchased in stores. But how is Alexander Bell Essay, a man dead but his work still continues? Through all the alexander the great, hard times and the good, Walt has really shown the world how to be a kid again. If they ask anyone that has gone to Disney World or Disney Land, they will tell them that they can't help but smile and Bell be a kid again while they are there. Walt Disney has shown the world he was a man of creation, he taught them many things, even when the odds were against of Academic Success at Postsecondary him, his creativity allowed him to succeed in the contributions he made to society, to the kind, clean, little unspoiled spot inside all. Walt also played a crucial role in the time of the depression.

When most people had no jobs, were living in poverty, and had no hope for the future, not only did Walt create his animations despite of it but he made the people laugh. He allowed people to forget all about the tragedy in their own lives for Essay, a little while and be brought about “by any means malcolm x was be happy. Walt Disney created animation as we know it today. He started it all. His imagination was bigger than it will ever be. Without Walt Disney, who knows if animation would exist today? He forced people to look at the world differently, from an animated perspective. No one had ever thought of Graham Bell having drawings that could combine to alexander the great conquests create one big picture. Alexander Graham Bell Essay? Now, all over the world Disney movies and alexander Disney theme parks are shown and found.

Clearly, Walt Disney was a very influential man. He created animation and showed the world that they can achieve their dreams; he taught the world to always have hope. Even though Walt died on Bell, December 15, 1966 he is no where close to being forgotten. The Disney companies are still creating movies, and Fear To Kill a Mockingbird Essay the Theme parks are very popular. Walt's philosophy of never giving up on your dreams is still a part of the Disney franchise. Its logo to this day is ��Making your dreams come true.� Walt created one of the most successful corporations today from almost nothing. He brought magic into the lives of many children and adults. Walt Disney never gave up.

He was always optimistic and never let anything get in the ways of his dreams. If everyone in society would be as full as hope and Alexander Essay optimism like Walt Disney the world would be a better place.