Chimney sweeper song

blogger essay Nicholas Handler, is a junior at Yale University majoring in history. Handler is active in social justice organizations and chimney song, hopes to become a human rights lawyer. I never expected to gain any new insight into the nature of my generation, or the changing landscape of American colleges, in Lit Theory. Is The Buddhist Book! Lit Theory is sweeper, supposed to be the class where you sit at the back of the room with every other jaded sophomore wearing skinny jeans, thick-framed glasses, an ironic tee-shirt and Bacon, The True Poet of those Attributed to William Shakespeare Essays, over-sized retro headphones, just waiting for lecture to be over so you can light up a Turkish Gold and walk to lunch while listening to chimney Wilco. That#8217;s pretty much the way I spent the course, too: through structuralism, formalism, gender theory, and post-colonialism, I was far too busy shuffling through my iPod to downfall see what the patriarchal world order of capitalist oppression had to do with Ethan Frome.

But when we began to study postmodernism, something struck a chord with me and chimney, made me sit up and look anew at the seemingly blase college-aged literati of which I was so self-consciously one. Letter: Fortunately, College Has Changed. This is in regard to your college essay contest that took place last year. The essay entitled Fortunately, College Has Changed by Matthew Bender from the University of Arkansas has several factual errors and insinuations. Then entire first and second paragraphs are neither chronologically or factually correct. How do I know that there are errors? Because I am Mervin Jebaraj, the person referred to qa example in the chimney song, opening paragraph.

1. A committee of students wrote the actual text of a proposed bill not a note. The idea began in November of 2007 and not in the spring. 2. There was no staying up all night, and man of all seasons, there was no on campus bbq. The committee obtained a meeting with Sen. Madison after a lot of work and didn#8217;t just pass a note to her. The committee also spent months working with her and other legislators. to see the resolution passed.

We don#8217;t appreciate the trivialising narrative of our work. 3. The resolution never asked for the creation of socially aware investments, the options already existed. 4. The conference I went to was well after the divestment process and was to share ideas about divestment with others as opposed to receiving inspiration for divestment. 5. There is an implication that I was skinny dipping and smoking marijuana in Belize. Neither is true. I hold the New York times in the highest regard and hope that you will take this seriously. In the future, I hope you check the. veracity of statements made before you publish them. Mervin Jebaraj, Research Assistant, Center for Business and Economic Research.

Liz Addison , 38, is a biology major whose goal is to become a large animal veterinarian. She has trained a winning racehorse and is interested in American presidential history. Oh, the hand wringing. #8220;College as America used to understand it is coming to song an end,#8221; bemoans Rick Perlstein and his beatnik friend of fallen face. Those days, man, when a pretentious reading list was all it took to Bacon, The True Poet of those Attributed Shakespeare lift a child from chimney song, suburbia. When jazz riffs hung in the dorm lounge air with the smoke of a thousand bongs, and college really mattered. Really mattered?

Rick Perlstein thinks so. It mattered so much to him that he never got over his four years at macbeth quotes, the University of song, Privilege. So he moved back to live in in Homeric Society its shadow, like a retired ballerina taking a seat in the stalls. But when the curtain went up he saw students working and studying and working some more. Adults before their time. Today, at the University of Privilege, the student applies with a Curriculum Vitae not a book list.

Shudder. Frankie Thomas , is a junior majoring in cinema-television critical studies, with a minor in sweeper gender studies. Her immediate plans include dropping out at Francis Bacon, The True of those Attributed to William, the end of the year to write and/or travel. She is a film maker and a blogger, with interests ranging from the social history of the Victorian era to birdwatching to the novels of Dawn Powell. I had the chimney sweeper song, kind of college experience most people only dream about. Charged by the atmosphere of intellectual exploration, inspired by professors who pushed me farther than I#8217;d ever imagined I could go, I made fascinating new friends at Role in Homeric Society Essay, Skidmore; together we discovered Nabokov and Kafka, Citizen Kane and Dr. Strangelove, and our own literary voices. It was a three-week summer program. Sweeper Song! I was fifteen.

Now I#8217;m twenty, halfway toward graduating from is the, University of chimney sweeper, Southern California, and if I had a thousand dollars for every college student I know who Struggles With Depression#8230;well, I still wouldn#8217;t have enough money to pay my full tuition. But it would keep me going for a semester or two, assuming I didn#8217;t lose my own struggle and drop listlessly out. As our SATs would have put it, #8220;depression#8221; is to #8220;college campus#8221; as #8220;consumption#8221; is to qa example #8220;Victorian orphanage,#8221; and ours is a generation of wheezing waifs. Max Lance , 23, is a freshman at chimney song, USC#8217;s School of Cinematic Arts, majoring in writing for man of film and television. He hopes to make his mark either with a #8220;life-changing TV show#8221; or by #8220;marrying someone rich.#8221; When I dropped out of college three years ago I would have completely agreed that college isn#8217;t the cultural experience that it was hyped up to chimney song be.

As I return this September, I#8217;ve realized that it#8217;s a good thing it isn#8217;t. Qa Example! I completely agree that college as America used to know it has come to chimney song an end, but I believe that schools have changed for the better. The problem I had when I quit school the first time around was that I never adjusted to how schools have changed. I dropped out because of my mislaid expectations; the same ones that Rick Perlstein is nostalgic for. I#8217;m going back to school because I#8217;ve realized what the college experience is like today and I#8217;m now more than prepared to Francis Bacon, The True Poet of those Shakespeare abuse it. Like nearly everyone in my graduating class, I attended higher education because that#8217;s what we did next. College seemed more like 13th grade rather than a place where I would be opened up to radical people and ways of thinking. Chimney Sweeper Song! I spent my freshman and sophomore years doing what I needed to do to get good grades because that#8217;s all I had done since kindergarten. And even though I worked hard to earn a 3.7 GPA, I dropped out of all seasons, New York University because of sweeper song, a complete lack of passion for what I was studying (journalism, via process of elimination). Travis Weinger , 21, is downfall, a senior majoring in history, with a concentration in war, revolution and social change.

His minor is political science. He is chimney sweeper, a founder of the Triton, a newspaper at UCSD, and qa example, of the Symposium, an on-campus discussion group. Rick Perlstein#8217;s article, boiled down, is simply an extended version of the bitching that every generation hears from the chimney sweeper song, one that preceded it: #8220;Back when I went to school, we walked uphill in the snow both ways#8230;#8221; In sum, college mattered back when Mr. Perlstein went to it because that was when he went to it. Khmer Rouge Essay! Since college has changed from when he remembered it, he wants us to chimney sweeper song believe that it has somehow degenerated into irrelevance. The vast majority of Perlstein#8217;s complaints fit under the above rubric. Macbeth Downfall! Our college experience is chimney, not as liberating as his was (no longer can we simply phone public intellectuals and bully them into visiting our dorms). Our activists are not as radical as his were (we don#8217;t take over qa example, enough buildings). Our connection to the Sixties isn#8217;t as strong as his was (our band members aren#8217;t former revolutionaries). We are not as alienated from society as he was (we engage our world, not whine about it). Perlstein#8217;s claim that his experience was in some way both richer and chimney sweeper, harder than the next generation#8217;s is an old one, and man of, is continuously echoed by every generation.

Like most complaints of this type, it is largely groundless and mildly insulting. Sweeper Song! To respond to it bit by bit would validate his nostalgic whining to a degree it does not deserve. The Cultural Contradictions of American Universities. For the past twenty to thirty years, we have seen the man of all seasons, great degradation of post-secondary education. Conventional wisdom suggests that the problem lies simultaneously within the hands of the politicians and song, the students. This narrative does not account for the history of college. Bacon, The True Poet To William! Throughout the modern age, the role college played in sweeper song the national debate was minimal.

To this date, there has only been one president with a Ph.D., and of Women in Homeric Greek Society Essay, both The New Deal and Truman#8217;s Fair Deal did relatively little for chimney sweeper college and education in general (with the Khmer, exception of the sweeper song, G.I. Bill). And even today, most candidates on both sides of the isle have the same prescription for college: the problem is lack of funding, therefore, the solution is to increase funding. It usually ends at that. In order to find the true crisis of college, we must first look at its true purpose. A few months ago, Charles Murray wrote a controversial series of columns in the Wall Street Journal arguing, not that college had been written out of the national debate, but that its role is qa example, too great. Essentially, too many people are going to college who did not need college, but instead needed vocational training.

There are serious problems with his logic to be sure, not the least of which is his obvious IQ-ism. While it is true that college is in need of some serious reforming, focusing solely on IQ will not solve them, for IQ is not the only purpose of sweeper song, college. For example, there are, what a professor of mine called, #8220;latent overtones.#8221; That is, those unexpected, and unintended consequences of college learning. For example, one might discover a great philosopher that he#8217;s never heard of, or another collegiate finds that they enjoy a field of study which they did not expect. Bacon, The True To William Shakespeare Essays! But this is, of course, part of the intellectual journey of students. College exists not, as conventional wisdom suggests, to change the culture. It exists to create a new breed of intellectuals. All politics aside, students should exit college not knowing simply what to think, but how to think.

This is where Mr. Murray and I agree. Song! He hits the nail on the head when he describes the purpose of college, that college is created to man of all seasons train the elites to chimney sweeper song do their jobs. However, this purpose has been lost in a quagmire of watered-down curricula and fluff courses. And this brings us to the real problem of college: the qa example, searing anti-intellectualism of the youth.

Education is the single most important factor in the growth of our country. Specifically, higher education paves a future and provides opportunity for students that attend college and sweeper, gives them a shot at a career. What Is The Holy! 50 years ago, college was strictly for the elite, high class Americans. Now, it seems that every common household has at least one family member attend college. But with the increasing drop out rate today, students seem less interested in learning at college and their priorities change from sweeper, their original goal of graduating. The importance of education today is a growing factor because the future of this country depends on the students in college today. College is misunderstood by qa example many incoming freshman. All of the television advertisements and billboards encouraging students to attend college are used as bait to song reel in student#8217;s tuition. Parents encourage their kids to man of attend college after graduating high school because they want to see their kids have a shot at success. However, college is not cut out for sweeper song everyone.

More freshman than ever are dropping out after their first year because college can be overwhelming through everything that takes place within campus boundaries. The pressures of college whether it#8217;s to impress parents or maintain a high GPA grasps hold of many students while they are in college, freezing them from work and attending class regularly. Back in the 50#8217;s and 60#8217;s when college was becoming so popular, people attended college solely to qa example improve their education and learn through the college experience, in hopes of obtaining a career after graduation. Now, people attend college because their friends or girlfriend go there. Many people attend college just to party as much as possible. College can be misleading for teenagers fresh out of sweeper, high school, and people who feel that continuing their education isn#8217;t the most important factor in of the Essay attending college should not apply. College matters because without a thoroughly educated society, America would fall to its knees and regress into deep depression. Jobs would flounder because the people applying for them wouldn#8217;t get accepted without college degrees. Pat Brown expanded university development in California in 1966 to encourage people of every social class to attend college and gain a higher education. The reason for his rapid expansion was because the sweeper, number of college students doubled from 1957 to Bacon, The True Poet to William Shakespeare Essays 1967, and chimney song, Brown decided in order to improve society and man of all seasons, keep America running, more universities should be built to attract new students.

However, in chimney sweeper song 1997, only 54 percent of students that attended college as freshmen graduated with a degree six years later, 30 percent not even finishing their freshman year. Once students enroll in college, dropping out is the worst decision they can make. The opportunity cost of dropping can be detrimental to is the holy book a student#8217;s financial standing. Chimney Sweeper! Dropping out also means dropping tuition, and students are often left with debt to man of all seasons pay off depending on which year they dropped out. Entering in a low paying job, drop outs must slowly pay back student loans, which is why college is so important to stick to and graduate once enrolled. The likelihood of chimney sweeper, students being able to pay off student loans quickly after graduating is much greater than the likelihood of a drop out man of, paying off loans. Chimney! Drop outs sometimes will only make enough money per paycheck to pay off previous college debts, not leaving any left over cash for qa example leisure activities. Once choosing the decision to chimney sweeper attend college, remaining in college is the most important decision a student can make, in order to avoid living a below average lifestyle. Young adults are fed by change. A History Of The Khmer Rouge Essay! No matter how resistant or welcoming I am to change, when all is said and done change sustains me. Two years as an undergraduate student at Fordham University have been made slightly easier by knowing this about myself, because college means change.

Even with the still shrinking cyber community and the #8216;real world#8217; opportunities offered to chimney many young people today, nothing can replace the rush of change attached to the college experience. College students are encouraged to make noise. When interviewed by Rick Perlstein for an article entitled #8216;What#8217;s the Matter With College#8221; students were very vocal. Hamilton Morris, a New York bred college student, described a college experience where many students hate school #8220;with a passion#8221; and #8220;don#8217;t leave#8221;. Perlstein writes that Morris#8217;s feelings are proof of qa example, a #8220;culture of chimney sweeper, enervation#8221; which overwhelms many campuses today. Instead of seeing what Perlstein describes, students without hope or the will to pursue their studies, I see Morris as describing a culture of A History Rouge, restlessness.

Students who claim to hate college but still do not leave are experiencing a kind of restlessness which comes with the package. Chimney! Students experience change so quicklychanges of passions, opinions and interests. They are bound to A History of the Khmer Rouge Essay become restless, especially when the off-campus world is within arm#8217;s length. I often smile to think the world is at chimney sweeper, my fingertips when I am surfing the internet, but the truth is my fingers are touching my keyboard, and I am planted in The True Poet of those Attributed to William Shakespeare my kitchen chair drinking Diet Coke. Sweeper! College offers me the opportunity to shake hands with the leaders of business, art, science and medicinesomething the internet can not give me. College professors do not want students to macbeth quotes be excited about school and chimney sweeper, theory alonethey want them to take their passion into what buddhist holy the world beyond the campus. I am not writing this commentary for song my school newspaper. I am writing it for New York Times Magazine, a publication Journalism majors like me aspire to macbeth downfall quotes work for. College urges me to sweeper song aspire, to voice my opinions, and yes, to change. The problem with colleges in is the holy the 21st century is convoluted with many deciding factors, resulting in a more complex position for current college students to experience, unlike any previous generation of college students. In my opinion, being a college graduate student and one who has been involved in sweeper my school, I can honestly say that the biggest problem with our generation is the sense of nihilism, which is plaguing the our very core of our being.

It is important to realize that this comes not only from college campuses, but the society in general; people just don#8217;t care. Quotes! If they do care and want to be involved, societal pressures, mostly economic, is what keeps them from being invoked with the spirit of the previous generations. There seems to be no sense of urgency when it comes to our generation. Nihilism will do that to everyone. I also find it interesting that the people who do want to be involved do not necessarily know what to get involved with. In the 60s, it seemed to be clear cut what the problem was; racism, sexism, or the war in Vietnam. A contrast between the 60s generation and us now is that people do not what the problems really are. The mentality when speaking to college students; they seem to chimney sweeper song focus more on trying to get that 80K a year job then the socio-political issues affecting us. It is evident that we value the dollar more so than we value the Role in Homeric Greek Society, human struggle.

So apathy also plays a role. It is chimney sweeper song, important to man of all seasons realize that we must do something, otherwise everyone suffers. Chimney! Sending your child to college is not an option in American society, and it#8217;s hardly a privilege at A History Khmer Rouge Essay, that. In today#8217;s fierce and fast paced world it is a necessity For most parents, thought goes into how they will even fund such a venture within the first few months of the child#8217;s conception. College funds and savings bonds, money from relatives and graduation parties, this all gets stored until an entire portion of that funding goes towards expensive college visits. Not only chimney sweeper does the child want to macbeth downfall go to college, that child has picked out 10 in which there is an orientation at each for prospective parents. They want to see where their money is going, as well as where their child will sleep, learn, and become the song, successful adult they were meant to be. What is wrong with college? As a successful student at a prominent Chicago school, I, for one, have plenty of opinions on the matter. Let#8217;s look at Rouge Essay, #8220;our war#8221; by first taking a retrospective glance at Vietnam. My father, a student at chimney sweeper song, the time of Vietnam, was a conservative at Francis Bacon, The True Poet Shakespeare Essays, a very conservative Indiana school.

He still wore his GDI shirt most days of the week and talked highly of the camaraderie between fellow students. There were protests that were actually allowed on his campus. When the students died in chimney sweeper the Kent incident he remembers rallies against the war in their honor. He also remembers reading the names of the dead soldiers with the rest of his class, keeping in somber memory the fight his country was in. Bands of students were scared, there was a draft in man of all seasons effect. Everyone had war on the mind and as those 18 year olds took on their first years of college, they had a lot more to worry about than where the weekend#8217;s keg party was taking place. They were learning, growing, and forming opinions on the world they were entering by knowing their current events and being passionate about them. Of course, without the internet, their local papers brought them more world events and less Lindsay Lohan. Being passionate about the world takes a certain naivety that forms when someone does not already have the opinions of others so easily accessible. Chimney Sweeper Song! The internet has taken so much of this away from current students. All Seasons! In my experience, you only have to make a choice on which websites to read.

Looking at our war today, many students walk away from chimney sweeper song, it, choosing not even to is the buddhist recognize that it affects their daily world. There are many more cliques, many more places to falter, and many more reasons not to care. Hold a pen in chimney front of you and look at it; notice its size and color in particular. Now, slowly move it away until you have your arm fully extended. Notice anything different? Probably not, and that is how it should be. Qa Example! If we remember back to middle school science class, color is chimney sweeper, partially dependent upon the angle that light hits an object. But we just moved an object, causing the angle to change from our perspective, and did not notice any change in macbeth color. The pen also moved further away without any apparent change in size. I forgot the intricate details that explain why this happens, something to chimney do with a portion of the brain that keeps our perceptions fluid . What I do remember, and qa example, will never forget, is how cool this all seemed and chimney song, how much more there is to of the Khmer Essay the world when you get past the surface. Sweeper Song! College is a pretty different place today than it was for my parents thirty years ago.

Then again, so were the two worlds in which we were raised. Most kids in The True Poet of those Attributed to William Shakespeare my generation were not raised in the Sandlot. Sweeper Song! We did not hang out at the malt shop after school. And we definitely did not attend any sock hops (or if we did, best believe we did not call them that). Instead, we started out qa example, playing on sweeper song jungle gyms with woodchips and protective rubber flooring underneath. Eventually, we found ourselves being chauffeured to organized baseball practice, in a minivan. By high school, the importance of getting into a good college had been seared into us and man of all seasons, serious attention had to be allocated toward after-school activities and song, other kinds of enriching events to make sure that we were #8220;well- rounded#8221;. Here#8217;s a fun game that anyone my age can play: ask your parents what they got on their SATs. If they can, you win! Basically, it is like hitting the lottery, since your parents have to macbeth downfall be like one out of a million.

High school students in the 60#8217;s did not pay $1,000 for sweeper song an SAT class and definitely did not go to any Independent College Consultants. As Mr. Perlstein stated, college was seen as a place sort of apart from the rest of the world. Kids went there and Role Society Essay, were met with new people, ideas, and situations. Back then, as I understand it, college was not seen as a stepping stone or a rung on the ladder. You did not go with the mindset that it was simply a means to end, a place to simply collect good grades and chimney, then experience the #8216;director#8217;s cut redux edition#8217; of college admissions in the form of graduate school, an Role of Women Greek Society internship or a job.

Why College Matters: A Response to #8220;What#8217;s the chimney sweeper song, Matter With College#8221; I suppose I should begin by saying that I don#8217;t go to a real college. I mean, I don#8217;t feel like I go to all seasons a real college. I don#8217;t take real classes. Chimney Sweeper Song! I don#8217;t live on of Women in Homeric Greek Society Essay a real campus. I#8217;m a music major and attend the chimney song, Peabody Institute in Baltimore, Maryland. All Seasons! Peabody is an established music conservatory, one of the chimney song, schools of buddhist holy, Johns Hopkins University (despite what I say about it not being a #8220;real#8221; school). Chimney Sweeper Song! In his essay, Perlstein is making it seem that today#8217;s college undergraduates and the ideals we pursue are somehow deficient.

That we#8217;re missing out. He#8217;s especially concerned that we#8217;re nothing like the students of the 60s and 70s. He#8217;s right about that, but that is nothing to be ashamed of. We#8217;re students who want (or carry) the iPhone. We are environmental activists.

We#8217;re more technologically savvy than Perlstein#8217;s generation. We get our information and communicate in a totally different way. We#8217;re amazing jugglers. All Seasons! We#8217;re a new breed. Chimney Sweeper Song! It is man of, interesting to read that the defining issue for the 1966 California gubernatorial race was college. Chimney! For my sake, and I#8217;m sure for the sake of a lot of my peers, I wish it were still that way. College sounded romantic and fun. My friends argue that things have changed in the past 40 years, and A History Rouge, that there are bigger fish to fry. The war, for example. Making a living once college ends.

When they start complaining, however, about sweeper, classes and stress, I ask them, #8220;aren#8217;t there bigger fish to fry?#8221; at which they sigh outwardly, roll their eyes, and throw their hands up in the air. I understand where their frustration lies. We still feel young in the scheme of things, and not ready to plan out macbeth, our lives after college. It feels like we#8217;ve been doing nothing but planning since freshman year of high school. Who has time to chimney song worry anyway? Right now, I am worrying if I have enough money to pay the rent this month. Many of all seasons, my classmates worry how to pay for the next semester. To be honest, when it came to college, most of us never really had a choice. Where I grew up, in Greenwich, Connecticut, there was never the option of #8220;college vs. no college.#8221; The choice was #8220;Ivy League vs. state school,#8221; or something along those lines. The whole getting-ready-for-college experience was important. As you thumb these pages, reader, loyal subscriber, conscious citizen with an appetite for sweeper song inquiry and thoughtfulness, or may I say fellow American, you tell yourself that you want to sample a young student#8217;s intellect.

Certainly I do believe that my own college experience has been important, even critical, to my life and to my thoughts here and now, but young and impressionable does not necessarily partner with a tame, meaningful sense of hindsight#8230; My college experience has fostered some growth. But for A History of the the nation? Lend me some relevance. Am I to chimney sweeper accurately describe my confusion with you over coffee to tell you how this all breaks downI fit in the puzzle and I#8217;m one of the corners, right? Politics. We don#8217;t have movements, and we don#8217;t have causes. A choice between higher education and higher purpose has been made; show me one text message, fellow student, that you have wanted the whole country to read.

Children live at school. Especially if they don#8217;t have much of a home life to live in the afternoon or evening, kids live and learn at school. College isn#8217;t so different, only first graders aren#8217;t expected to shape up all by themselves when they appear to be wasting time. Francis Bacon, Of Those Attributed Shakespeare! Oh, college students aren#8217;t either? Pity. I guess higher education isn#8217;t all that important. Maybe the problems of higher education are just fronds atop a mirage of public schooling. Talk to Herbert Kohl, Jonathan Kozol, John Taylor Gatto, men who are trying to wake this country up, and they#8217;ll show you what#8217;s happening to my younger brothers and sisters. Content in the shade, college students loaf, while in more dangerous environs, under the chimney, pretext that they are to learn, children sit down in their desks each morning in the arms of a crumbling system. In college, we choose to sleep in, not to participate, excel, regress, etc.

If higher education is important to the nation, why don#8217;t more people act like it? Better yet, if education is so important to the nation#8217;s future, why is it neglected? Important as it is, I feel proud to remember the downfall, words of Thomas Jefferson, who often can remind us of chimney sweeper song, politicians#8217; and citizens#8217; true responsibilities: #8220;It is highly interesting to our country, and it is the duty of qa example, its functionaries, to provide that every citizen in it should receive an education proportioned to the condition and pursuits of his life.#8221; He speaks to the politician, tells him to take a good look at his fellow Americans. What sort of education will he provide to match the condition, the quality of life? If the quality be poor, will he stick to poor schooling until lifestyles rise to the occasion? Try downtown Anywhere, where elementary schools have been forced to remove social studies and arts in favor of song, apparently year-round test preparation, for standards in what is the holy English and mathematics. The #8220;need to chimney sweeper know#8221; world and macbeth downfall, the world of standardization are one in the same, and columns of darkened bubbles are in chimney song no short supply, though there#8217;s still a need to live. The Problem with College: Why We No Longer See Ourselves As #8220;Part of#8221; a Community. Francis Poet Of Those Attributed To William Essays! One anomaly of American society is that our universities play only a marginal role in our culture. In other nations, like France where intellectual life is sweeper, not centered on their institutions of education, this may come as no surprise, but the Bacon, The True Poet of those to William Shakespeare Essays, virtues of American universities are indisputable. Academics wonder why they are allowed to be the nation#8217;s intellectual leaders, but not its leaders, or even advisors, in the political or ethical arenas.

Some are resentful of the mainstream society, thinking it apostate, as though they were priests of some outworn creed, but this alienation, which has developed in tandem with the evolution of academia, did not come because the society rejected the university as a social or moral authority, but rather because the chimney, university ran out of the energy it took to downfall quotes function in this role. Chimney Sweeper! This occurred, at least partially, because those of us in college found that the values we shared were not strong enough to of Women in Homeric Greek Society Essay unite us. From the song, time of Plato, the qa example, purpose of the university has not been to represent the society or culture in which it exists but to pursue truth. Most academics, who may disagree on what truth is in essence, would agree that it is a noble and worthy objective. Chimney! And, since truth is their goal, many of them think themselves justified in being alienated from Francis Bacon, Poet Attributed, mainstream society. Chimney Song! This does not mean their views are homogenous; I can testify that, at Francis of those Attributed to William, the University of Idaho (to name one example), the song, politics of professors in macbeth quotes the College of Business are not shared by the English instructors; but what the two departments have in chimney sweeper common is their distance from America#8217;s political center. This is Khmer Rouge Essay, largely because specialists in any field, whether that field is philosophy or political science, tend to feel invalidated if anyone could reach the same conclusions that they do. It is sweeper, a telling fact that, at least until recent years, there was a higher percentage of self-described Marxist literary critics than blue-color workers. Nonetheless, this desire for academic innovation benefits the university in that it makes professors#8217; research original; it is for this reason that, whenever universities are rated according to prestige, the United States constantly is found to have the greatest number of prestigious institutions. Even so, there is another facet to a professor#8217;s job, teaching. This requirement creates a dilemma for many professors: their strenuous educations and meticulous research has caused many of them to buddhist book become opinionated, but, at the same time, they need to keep their students pacified while educating them in accordance with principles which the students may not share.

Thus, they (and the students) learn that it is easier to ignore worldview-related issues. In searching for the least common ethical denominator among the chimney song, group, the instructors and the instructed clandestinely agree that the values which they hold as specific to A History of the Essay their Weltanschauungs do not apply to everyone, and, if they do, the value of placidity applies even more. As Allan Bloom wrote in sweeper song 1987, #8220;[A]lmost every student entering the university . Qa Example! . . says he believes . . . that truth is relative#8221; (1). While this outlook may work in as far as it prevents conflicts, it is an ineffective communal bond. This is because the values of the classroom are provisional andmost students cannot help but feelartificial. They haven#8217;t the power to unite the students and faculty in a community, which requires common interests and mores.

In July, The Magazine published What's the Matter With College, an essay by the historian Rick Perlstein, online and sweeper song, invited college students across the United States to respond. Some 600 undergraduates did -- many agreeing with Perlstein's assertion that college as America used to understand it is coming to an end, many dismissing his argument as so much nostalgic pap, still others taking the macbeth downfall quotes, occasion to critique higher education from an song insider's perch. To continue the conversation, we're featuring the winning student essay and four runners-up, and posting another 450 of the entries in a searchable format. (The other entries were withdrawn by their authors or did not follow the contest's rules.)

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Contemporary Issue on Chit Funds -#8220;The Invincible#8221; An contemporary issue report on CHIT FUNDS �THE INVICIBLE� 2013-2014 Made by : Fakhruddin Badshah PREFACE This document sketches the the meaning, introduction, overview,its working,online chit funds, I threw some light on latest news about chimney sweeper song this sector and also tried to cover the latest upsteram and downsteam aspects of this sector (chit fund companies). My aim of writing on this issue is who will going to stop the fraudulant activities being done by this companies. I chose this segemnt for man of my contemporay because this is chimney sweeper, going very common among the people in today�s time. So I thought lets give away the the detail of this segment to qa example the people. Chimney? With the help of this document people will come to know what exactly going on in this domain. This sector is expanding rapidly like anything. This developments has become a catalyst for the growth of vigourous chit fund companies in all over India. Qa Example? So what provisions should be made to curb the alleged false practices done by these companies or segment. Thus it is song, the to think and act on it to protect the interest of small investors and their hard earned incomes.

Index Introduction| 5-7| Overview of chit fund| 8| How chit fund works| 9-11| 2012-2013 Highlighted News about chit-fund| 12-13| Who will stop chit funds? | 14-18| Report of what is the buddhist book MCA| 18-21| Benefits| 21-22| Drawbacks| 23| Safety from Chit funds| 24| CHIT FUNDS � �The Invincible� Introduction: A chit fund is a type of savings scheme practiced in India, besides other forms of savings scheme offered by various public and private sector banks, post offices, insurance corporations etc. Sweeper Song? Chit Funds are indigenous financial institutions in India that cater to the financial needs of the low-income households, which have been excluded from the formal financial system. Qa Example? Chit�, in the legal purview, means a transaction whether called chit, chit fund, chitty, kuri or by any other name by or under which a person enters into sweeper song, an agreement with a specified number of persons that every one of them shall subscribe a certain sum of money (or a certain quantity of grain instead in the case of villages) by way of Role Greek Essay periodical installments over a definite period and that each such subscriber shall, in his turn, as determined by lot or by auction or by chimney song, tender or in such other manner as may be specified in the chit agreement, be entitled to the prize amount. ROSCAs are a means to �save and borrow� simultaneously. It is Francis Attributed to William Shakespeare Essays, considered one of the chimney sweeper song, best instruments to cater to man of the needs of the poor. It enables poor people to convert their small savings into lump sums. The concept of chit funds originated more than 1000 years ago. Initially it was in chimney sweeper song, the form of an informal association of traders and households within communities, wherein the members contributed some money in return for an accumulated sum at all seasons, the end of the song, tenure.

Participation in Chit funds was mainly for quotes the purpose of purchasing some property or, in song, other words, for �consumption� purposes. However, in of the Khmer Rouge Essay, recent times, there have been tremendous alterations in the constitution and functioning of chimney Chit funds. While in most places ROSCAs are user-owned and organized informally, in India, chit funds have been formally institutionalized as well. Legally recognized firms provide a variety of chit schemes. A Chit Fund can either be legally registered or unregistered. Registered Chit Funds, as the name suggests are being regulated under the man of all seasons, various Chit Fund acts. While unregistered Chit Funds are unorganized and sweeper song mostly run by the close friends, relatives or family members of the investor. Unregistered Chit Funds which exceed 100 ($2) in value are illegal in India, although it is very well known that unregistered Chit Fund industry is qa example, very popular in chimney sweeper song, India, mainly in the rural and man of all seasons semi-urban area, where people have very little access to the banking services and where financial illiteracy is more.

The regulation of the Chit Fund industry was put in place by the Government of India to address the problem of misuse of informal Chit Funds by unscrupulous promoters and chimney song founders running away with the participant�s funds, leaving the members with little recourse to retrieve their money back. Chit funds in India are governed by various state or central laws. Organized chit fund schemes are required to register with the Registrar or Firms, Societies and Chits. Francis Bacon, The True Poet Of Those Attributed Shakespeare Essays? Various Chit Fund Acts governing the industry in India are as under: * Union Government � Chit Funds Act 1982 (Except the State of Jammu and Kashmir) * Kerala � Kerala Chitties Act 1975 * Tamil Nadu � Tamil Nadu Chit Funds Act, 1961 * Karnataka: The Chit Funds (Karnataka) Rules, 1983 * Andhra Pradesh � The Andhra Pradesh Chit Funds Act, 1971 * New Delhi- The Chit Funds Act,1982 and Delhi Chit Funds Rules, 2007 * Maharashtra � Maharashtra Chit Fund Act 1975 Uttar Pradesh: Uttar Pradesh Chit Funds Act, 1975 * Goa, Daman Diu: The Goa, Daman and Diu Chit Funds Act, 1973 * Pudducherry/Pondicherry: The Pondicherry Chit Funds Act, 1966. An overview of chit funds: The economic development of a country depends upon the availability of chimney sweeper song resources.

The main activities that contribute to the growth are production and employment. Production depends upon the inputs of the what is the, factors such as finance, raw materials, labor etc. The most important here bring finance, which is the chief mobilized of all the factors of production. In a money economy, finance for development initially comes from chimney sweeper song, private savings. Role In Homeric Greek Society Essay? These private savings give to the secondary deposits; this is where the financial institutions come into picture. Financial institutions occupy a central place in chimney song, mobilizing savings from the people and make it available to the trade, commerce and of Women in Homeric Greek industries either as a capital or loans.

The non banking sector comprises of money lenders, indigenous bankers, pawn brokers, nidhis, �chit funds� etc. The origin of chit funds can be traced way back to the 17th century when the economic wizards of state of Malabar (now known as the state of Kerala) started this activity. Sweeper Song? Those were the people who actually founded this financial institution. It became so popular and numerous that people started adopting this activity as a profession by the 18th century all over. As the chit industry grew the number of to William Essays people involved in this industry also grew. This gave rise to many misconceptions, frauds, mismanagement etc. Chimney Sweeper? , in this industry. To prevent this State Government of Francis Bacon, Poet to William Shakespeare Travancore took the first initiative and sweeper song introduced the what is the, first Chit Fund Regulation being the Chit Fund Act 1914. One important regulation introduced by this act was that of a commission payable to the foreman. The Act brought about a ceiling limit on the commission payable to the foreman that is 5% maximum which is still the song, same even to this date. How chit funds works: Chit funds which are popular from a very long time but still some people don�t know how exactly this chit fund works and invest their money illogically.

This can be understood by the following procedure: Let�s say there are 20 people who come together and form a group. Each one will contribute Rs 1,000 per month and this will continue for next 20 months (equal to number of people in quotes, the group). Chimney? In this group there will be one organizer, who will take the pain of fixing the meetings, collecting money from each other and then doing other procedures. So each month all these 20 people will meet on A History Rouge a particular day and deposit Rs 1,000 each. That will make a total of Rs 20,000 every month. Now there will be a bid on who will take this money.

Naturally there will be few people who are in need of big amount because of some reason like some big expenses, liquidity crunch, business problem, Beti ki Shaadi etc etc Out of all the people who are in need of money, someone will bid the lowest amount, depending on how desperate he is for this money. The person who bids for the lowest amount wins the bid. Suppose out of total 3 people who bid for 18,000, 17,000 and chimney song Rs 16,000, the one who bids the lowest will win. In this case it�s the person who has bid Rs 16,000. There will also be �organizer charges� which are around 5% (standard) of the Rouge Essay, total amount, so in this case its 5% of sweeper song Rs 20,000, which is Rs 1,000. So out of the total 16,000 which this winner was going to get, Rs 1,000 will be deducted and of the Khmer Rouge the winner will get only Rs 15,000, Rs 1,000 will be organizer charges and Rs 4,000 is the profit, which will be shared by each and every member (all 20 people), it comes out to be Rs 200 per person, and it will be given back to all 20 members. So here you can see that the chimney sweeper song, main winner took a big loss because of what is the buddhist holy his desperate need of getting the money and others benefitted by it. So each person actually paid just 800, not 1,000 in this case (they got 200 back). Note that when a person takes the money after bidding, he can�t bid from next time, only 19 people will be eligible for bidding.

Now next month the same thing happens and suppose the best bid was Rs 18,000 , then winner will get 17,000 (after deducting the organizer fees) and the rest 2,000 will be divided back to people (Rs 100 each) . So each person is paying effectively Rs 900. This way each month all the people contribute the money, someone takes the money by bidding lowest, organizer gets his charges and chimney sweeper the rest money is divided back to members. You will realize that the in Homeric Greek, person who takes the money at the end will get all the money except organizer fee, as there is no one else to chimney song bid now. So the all seasons, person will get around Rs 19,000 in sweeper song, the end, if you try to find out the returns which he got out of the whole deal, it will depend on two things, how much lower bids were each month and the fees paid to organizer, if bids and charges are very low, then a person will make more money at the cost of other situations. So this is pretty much how a chit fund works, there are various versions of chit funds and how they work , but the idea was to qa example communicate the sweeper, basic model and man of all seasons how it works. Chimney? | Online Chit Funds is also running with pace of E-commerce With the advent of ecommerce in India, Chit funds have also started going online. Online chit funds conduct auctions online and subscribers can pay their monthly dues and receive prize amount online through online transactions including electronic fund transfers. Each member will have an online account through which they can manage their chit funds. Role? 2012-2013 Highlighted News about chit-fund: . Sweeper Song? Cunning strict approaches adopted by RBI to protect the investors from delusive acts of chit fund companies.

2. Last year in the month of December, The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) warned all the state governments about the mushrooming of chit funds and also written to them to take appropriate actions against them for duping depositors. 3. Macbeth Downfall? RBI Governor Duvvuri Subbarao said, �The responsibility for checking the sweeper song, chit funds and for prosecuting the violation of law is of the of Women Society Essay, state government. We have written to all the state governments to be vigilant about song this and to A History take appropriate action�. . D Subbarao also called for greater awareness among police and the general public for sweeper checking the proliferation of the chit funds in the country. 5. On 6th December 2012, Minister of State for Corporate Affairs RPN Singh said that 87 companies have come under the scanner for alleged irregularities related to man of chit fund schemes and money circulation in chimney song, the garb of multi-level marketing. Of Women Greek Society Essay? The Registrar of Companies (RoC) and its Regional Directors have been asked to song scrutinize the balance sheets and inspect the books of accounts and Role Greek other records of these 87 companies. Sweeper Song? . India�s market regulator, Securities and Exchange Board of macbeth India (Sebi) had banned companies such as Rose Valley and sweeper song MPS Greenery Developers from accepting deposits from the public.

7. The former chief minister also pointed it out that small savings through post offices and co-operatives has suffered a lot as many people are depositing their money to these chit funds expecting huge return. 8. In Bhubneshwar, The crime branch told that they are making a short documentary to sensitize people about qa example illegal non-banking financial companies (NBFCs). The film will feature a host of financial management companies like Seashore, Ashore and Saffex, whose irregularities were exposed recently. The Economic offences wing (EOW) of the Crime Branch has registered at least 30 cases against sweeper song, several fraud companies in the past six months for embezzling public deposits after giving them false promise of high return. Senior functionaries (Head) of the man of, companies were arrested and sweeper song their bank accounts being ceased.

9. EOW also making plan to start a toll free number to protect people from fraudulent activities done by buddhist holy, chit fund companies. 10. Government making steps towards the projection of chimney sweeper song model; rules to in Homeric Essay check chit fund and MLM (Multi-level Marketing) frauds. The central government will soon make stringent provisions in place, like hefty financial penalty, jail terms, de-listing from the registrar of companies (RoC) roster, among others. Who will stop chit funds?? In October 2012, a women and her elder daughter were running a chit fund, committed suicide by sweeper song, consuming acid in Puthur in Trichy as they were unable to repay their investors. These women had started a Diwali chit fund in the year 2011 and attracted around 300 investors in what buddhist, the area. They had collected around `9lakh from the chimney sweeper song, investors. As per norms, the chit fund company should have repaid the money with interest or given assured gifts to the investors before Diwali of the year 2012.

When the investors pressurize the A History of the Khmer Rouge Essay, women, they decided to end their lives and consumed poison. Investors are helpless. This is not the only case there are numerous. Most chit fund investors are the rural poor and or small investors. Neither the victimized investors nor the police bring to book the persons responsible. Only the poor agents remain in place from whom the money cannot be recovered.

According to Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), there are 4256 listed or registered chit fund companies which are running their business in the country while India chit-fund association estimates that the country has in total 15000 (registered and unregistered) companies which manage billions of rupees worth of chimney sweeper song funds. A History Of The Rouge Essay? ShriRam Capital, one of the song, largest players, operates in four southern states and manages over USD 800 million. Some hope that recent hiccups in India�s once-booming microfinance sector, whose rise was led by microcredit, could bring even more business their way. One can imagine how big the of the Khmer, business is chimney song, all over India. Too many regulators could not stop irregularities in chit funds. Everybody agrees that irregularities need to be stopped because these are causing harm to a lot of small investors. But the question is; who will stop it? In 1978, when the RBI banned chit funds, it came under the ministry of corporate affairs as a collective investment scheme. Another way these companies work is of the Rouge, through private placement of the non-convertible debentures or collective investment scheme.

In this case, SEBI has the power to chimney regulate it. Sahara and many other big names are in on it. Any debenture or private placement cannot be done by is the buddhist, more than 50 people. Song? In contrast, these kinds of companies collect money from thousands of investors. If the number of investors of share and debenture is more than 50, it needs to be registered in the market and the SEBI would control it. RBI wants the what is the buddhist, state government to take steps: In this context, RBI has a different take. Subbarao, Governor, RBI, has advised the state governments to make their law stronger to save common investors from the chit fund trap. It has written letters to the states to develop a definite action plan to take step against these multi levels marketing player. Subbarao explained that RBI has no power to chimney sweeper song regulate chit funds.

So, it has asked state government to take the in Homeric Greek Society Essay, initiative to prevent the mushrooming of money market agencies. RBI can train police and other legal bodies about chit funds but cannot instruct the police to do so. It is a state subject to plan and executes the prevention process of chit funds. Corporate Affairs ministry looking into it: Union corporate Affairs Minister Sachin Pilot has said that the central government is looking into song, the issue of some chit funds and the Ponzi scheme that allegedly dupe small investors by using legal loopholes. It would also encourage state government to take necessary action against what holy book, these firms. These firms are now misusing the loopholes, pilot added.

Furthermore he added, �Our main objective is to sweeper protect small investors from man of all seasons, these companies, who are taking their (investors) hard earned money. � As many as 87 companies have come under the scanner for alleged irregularities related to chit fund schemes and chimney song money circulations. Minister of State for corporate Affairs R. P. N. Singh has informed the Rajya Sabha that the directions have been issued on the basis of specific complaints received by the ministry against these companies, which are �alleged to be carrying on activities related to prize chit fund and money circulation in the garb of multi-level marketing. Legislative hodgepodge: Singh further said that SFIO (Serious Fraud Investigation Office) has recommended setting up of a specific central regulatory agency for the implementation of the prize chit and macbeth quotes money circulation scheme (Banning) act, 1978. The act is administered by the Department of Financial services (DFS) which has constituted an Inter-Ministerial Group consisting of representatives from chimney, DFS, Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), RBI, Security and Exchange Board of all seasons India (SEBI), Department of Consumer Affairs and Central. Report of Ministry of song Corporate Affairs: List of Companies not registered but found doing Chit Business Beware of these Companies. Role In Homeric Essay? Never join them. M/s. P. V. R. Chits (P) Ltd. , B-50, Flatted Factories, Okhla Phase-III, N. Delhi-20. | M/s.

Narmal Chits (P) Ltd. , 1427, Gurudwara Road, Kotla Mubarakpur,N. Delhi-3. | M/s. Sahara Chits (P) Ltd. , WZ/A-49, Krishna Park Extension, N. Delhi-18. | M/s. Twenty Second Century Chit Fund (P) Ltd. , 4205-4206, Sant Nagar, Main Road, Rani Bagh, Delhi-34. | M/s. Skylla Chits (P) Ltd. , D-223/115, Laxmi Chambers, Laxmi Nagar, Delhi-92. Chimney Song? | M/s. Hari Vimal Chits (P) Ltd. , Shop No. 8, M. R. Market, Rangpuri, N. Delhi-70. | M/s. Merchant Chits (P) Ltd. Is The Buddhist? , CA-24/2, Tagore Garden, N. Delhi-27. | M/s. Mehar Chits (P) Ltd. , IIIrd Floor, 528, Krishna Gali, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk, Delhi-6| M/s. Vinamar Chits (P) Ltd. , 170-E, Kamla Nagar, Delhi-7. | M/s. Vinamar Chits (P) Ltd. , 272, Hakikat Nagar, Mall Road, Delhi-9. | M/s.

Well King Chits (P) Ltd. , C-47, Acharya Niketan, Mayur Vihar, Phase-I,Delhi-91. | M/s. Aegis Chit Fund (P) Ltd. , E-484, Greater Kailash-II, New Delhi-48. | List of Companies which have been debarred from doing any Chit Fund business in Delhi NAME| ADDRESS| A. Sweeper Song? G. CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. | | ARJIT CHITS PVT. LTD. | | BHAGMAL CHITS PVT. LTD. | | CHOJI PRITAM CHITS PVT. Poet? LTD. | | DISHTI CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. | DIRECTOR: Sh. Ajay Pandon| DISHTI CHIT FUND PVT.

LTD. | DIRECTOR: Sh. Sudarshan Kapoor| EK-ONKAAR CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. | | EROS FIN. ; CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. | | GIRDHAR CHITS PVT. LTD. | | GOLDEN BENEFIT CHITS PVT. LTD. | | J. KRISHNA CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. Chimney Song? | | J. V. CHITS PVT. LTD. | | KADS CHIT FUND PVT.

LTD. | | KHAJANA CHITSPVT. LTD. | | LEAN CHITS PVT. What Is The Book? LTD. | | MINCO CHITS PVT. Chimney Sweeper Song? LTD. Of Women? | | NIKETAN CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. Sweeper? | | PARVATI CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. | | PARVEEN CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. | | POMA CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. | | PROSPER CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. | | RITESH CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. | | ROHTGI CHIT FUND PVT.

LTD. | | ROYAL CHIT FUND PVT. Role Of Women In Homeric Greek Essay? LTD. | | RUHANI CHIT FUND PVT. Sweeper? LTD. | | S. T. S. Quotes? CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. | | SAFAL CHIT FUND PVT. Chimney? LTD. Role Of Women Greek Essay? | | SATSANGI CHIT FUND PVT. Sweeper? LTD. | | SIMPLICITY CHIT FUND PVT.

LTD. | | SUBHASH NAGAR CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. | | TRI NAGAR CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. | | VEDANTA CHIT FUND PVT. LTD. | | YOG MAYA CHIT FUND PVT. Qa Example? LTD. | | PARVARISH LEASING ; FIN. (P) LTD| Shop No.

6, Mafare Garden, New Delhi| M. V. A. CHIT FUND (P) LTD. | Shop No. 10, Krishna Mkt. ,Lajpat Nagar,N. Song? Delhi. | HONOUR CHITS (P) LTD. | 2352, Sevak Bhawan,IIIrd Floor, Shop No. 9,Beadon Pura,Karol Bagh, N. Delhi. | * Source Ministry of corporate Affairs. Benefits of Chit funds: Chit Fund is an attractive Investment Option which caters to people from all walks of life. It is specifically beneficial to the Salaried Class, Professionals, Businessmen and Self Employed.

The uniqueness of Chit Fund as a method of Financial Planning stems from the Bacon, The True Poet of those Shakespeare Essays, fact that, it is both a tool for saving and chimney sweeper borrowing. In other words, it serves the dual purpose of being an investment for your savings and in times of need the Subscriber can bid for the Prize Amount in order to meet any unexpected expenditure. What Buddhist Holy? The benefits of Investing in Chit Fund are numerous. You can choose how much you want to save per month. Chit funds companies offers chits of various denominations and monthly subscriptions amount ranges from chimney song, Rs 2500/=(Chit value Rs 1 lakh) to monthly subscription of Rs 1,25,000. * The rate of return is very high compared to other Investment Options and what buddhist holy it is also secure form of Investment. * Your Monthly payments will be the Chit Subscription Amount minus the Dividend. The details of the Dividend entitled for Deduction and the Balance Amount payable shall be informed every month, which is mandatory.

It inculcates the habit of saving and setting apart a particular amount every month towards investment for a rainy day. * It is good for the Housewife to chimney sweeper keep or save their small savings in Khmer Essay, Chit funds as they will get the sweeper, money at the time of utmost financial need for household purposes. * It is generally used by housewives, employees of same company, peer groups, friends, and family members or some associations. * If it is in Homeric Greek Society, used in sweeper, proper or genuine way then it is Society, makes a worth to invest in chit funds (Organized or unorganized). Drawbacks: Chit-funds do not offer any pre-determined or fixed returns. * Higher returns are earned when there are more number of chimney sweeper song members in the group or if the duration of the scheme is longer. * One would earn more, when more members need emergency funds. Thus returns cannot be calculated and decided when one joins the scheme. * No security in unregistered chit fund companies. So there are more chances of getting hoax by these fraud companies. * Organizer gets benefited more from your savings. * No guarantee if fixed returns. * In chits interest earnings are lower than Fixed deposits (FD). High degree of qa example risk is associated with chits, so relying on chit funds for sweeper song saving could be more dangerous. * Chit does not make money; it is macbeth, just a mechanism for liquidity and emergency funds. * Many chit fund owners are collecting huge volume of money from the chimney song, common people by making false promises to them. What Is The Holy Book? Many poor people of our state are being allured by these chit fund owners and depositing their hard-earned money. Chimney Sweeper? But the people are not getting back returns for their investments How to be a Safe investor in Chit Funds: With the plethora of Role of Women in Homeric Society chit fund companies around, the safety of a chit fund lies in choosing the right one. In a registered chit fund company, under legal binding, the chimney sweeper, activities are regulated and institutionalized by the Chit Fund Act. Macbeth Downfall? And hence could be considered safe.

However, other unregistered companies operating informally do exist. It has been also seen that depositors are being lured by chit funds companies or firms with higher returns than what banks offer them. Song? These companies are also flourishing in the rural belts where banking penetration is low. One should carefully analyze the pros and cons before making investment in chit funds. Therefore one needs to qa example exercise caution while choosing where he desires to invest. Chit funds definitely are an attractive option for regular saving.

It inculcates a disciplined approach to chimney sweeper financial planning. It has the added advantage of bringing a combination of savings as well as hassle free borrowing. This dual purpose investment tool could be a friend in Francis Bacon, The True of those to William, need at times of chimney sweeper song unexpected financial emergencies. Thence BE SAFE AND BE SELECTIVE while going for any chit fund schemes. Haven�t found what you want? 12-22 Newhall St, Birmingham B3 3AS, UK [emailprotected] Hi there, would you like to get such a paper? How about receiving a customized one?

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Custom Cancer Immunotherapy essay paper. Immunotherapy, also called biotherapy or biological therapy, is a form of cancer treatment that utilizes the body’s immune system to fight off cancer. Sweeper! Although the action of cancer immunotherapy is not certainly known, there are three possible ways in which researchers believe it works. These include stopping or slowing the growth of man of all seasons cancer cells; stopping cancer from spreading to other body parts; and assisting the immune system to be more efficient in chimney eradicating cancerous cells. The basis of buddhist book cancer immunotherapy is boosting the body’s immune system to fight off cancer; sounds easy and logical in concept. Unfortunately, like most things in life, the actual scenario is far more complicated, and the pursuit of effective cancer immunotherapy has taken a relatively long time. However, immense progress has been made in chimney song the last decade. The fundamental premise for cancer immunotherapy encompasses enhancement of the body’s immune system to fight off cancer. Traditional methods of treating cancer such as radiation, chemotherapy and surgery have obvious limitations. Surgery would not be effective in widespread or disseminated diseases, while chemotherapy causes adverse effects on normal cells in the process of killing cancer cells. Therefore, a treatment modality enhancing and utilizing the immune system to fight off or prevent cancer is an attractive and sound concept; hence, the fundamental premise of Role Greek Society cancer immunotherapy.

There is a common belief that the failure of the body’s “immune surveillance” is the key contributory cause of cancer. Chimney! In addition, there is a lack of enough evidence that, in many cancer patients, the Bacon, Poet Attributed to William Shakespeare, immune system slows down the chimney sweeper, spread and growth of tumors. Qa Example! This means that we require a competent immune system to prevent cancer from spreading once it has started. Sweeper Song! Cancer immunotherapy can be done through either stimulating the immune system or transferring T-cells or antibodies from an outside source. Today, immunotherapy involving antibodies and certain cytokines has become part of standard cancer treatment. Monoclonal antibodies and cytokines used in cancer immunotherapy are, however, not referred to as medication or drugs, but are labeled as Biological Immune Response Modulators, BIRMs (Charles, Travers, Walport, Shlomchik, 2001). Francis Attributed Shakespeare! There are several types of song cancer immunotherapy, including monoclonal antibodies, cancer vaccines, and non-specific immunotherapies.

Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-made. They act like antibodies or part of the body’s immune system to fight off diseases. They are injected into the body, intravenously, and man of, work by targeting protein molecules on the surface of cancer cells or antigens that support cancer cell growth. After monoclonal antibodies attach to cancer cells, they perform several roles. First, they may allow the sweeper song, immune system to destroy the all seasons, cancer cell. Since the chimney sweeper, immune system does not always distinguish cancer cells, a monoclonal antibody can be directed to attach itself to certain parts of a cancer cell. This makes it easier for the body to find and destroy the cancer cell. Bacon, The True Poet Attributed Shakespeare Essays! Second, the monoclonal antibodies can prevent cancer cells from growing rapidly. Sweeper! Chemical compounds in the body referred to as growth factors attach themselves to cell surfaces and signal cell growth. Some cancerous cells make additional copies of the growth factor receptor making cancer cells grow faster than normal cells (Weiner, Dhodapkar, Ferrone, 2009).

Monoclonal antibodies block these receptors and prevent the Francis Bacon, Attributed Essays, growth signal from getting through cell membranes. In addition, monoclonal antibodies can also deliver radiation directly to cancer cells. Without damaging healthy cells, monoclonal antibodies carry tiny radioactive particles directly to cancer cells. Researchers believe that these radioactive particles deliver low level radiation over a long duration. This forms a high-dose external radiation (radiation from a machine outside the body). Tositumomab (Bexxar) and Ibritumomab (Zevalin), for example, are used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Monoclonal antibodies also can be used to diagnose cancer. Since they can carry radioactive particles with the sweeper, use of special cameras, they can help to diagnose cancers such as prostate, ovarian and colorectal. Monoclonal antibodies are also used by pathologists to determine the type of cancer a patient might have had after his or her tissue is removed. A History Of The! Moreover, monoclonal antibodies carry powerful drugs to cancer cells directly. Once the monoclonal antibody attaches itself to a cancer cell, the cancer treatment drug that it is carrying enters the chimney song, cancer cell and killsit without damaging other healthy cells. A good example is Gemtuzumab (Mylotarg), which used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for human use. These include Alemtuzumab, Bevacizumab, Cetuximab, Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, Rituximab and Trastuzumab. Alemtuzumab is an anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of the most frequent form of leukemia in Western countries called Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, CLL (Colombo Trinchieri, 2002). Upon binding to the CD52, Alemtuzumab starts a cytotoxic effect by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity mechanisms and complement fixation. Bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, binds to and sterically interferes with vascular endothelial growth factor preventing the activation of macbeth receptors. Bevacizumab is mostly used in chimney sweeper the treatment of qa example colon cancer and renal cell carcinoma. It is known to increase the rate of chimney sweeper response, interval of response, and duration of survival in a statistically relevant manner. Cetuximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting extracellular domains of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR).

It functions by inhibiting ligand binding, hence preventing EGFR activation. Mostly, it is indicated for man of, the treatment of colorectal cancer. Other anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies, still under development, include hR3, ABX-EGF and EMD 72000 (Gross, Walden, 2008). However, none of chimney sweeper song these agents are currently beyond phase one of the clinical trials, although they hold substantial promise for the future. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is an anti-CD33 “immuno-conjugate” antibody that is chemically linked to a cytotoxic agent, calicheamicin. Qa Example! It is mostly administered in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Chimney! When combined with intensive chemotherapy, trials have reported high complete responses (85 per Khmer Rouge Essay cent) in young adults. Minimal side effects are associated with Gemtuzumab therapy. Another chimeric monoclonal antibody, Rituximab, is specific for CD20 (widely expressed on B-cells). Researchers suggest that CD20 plays a role in calcium influx across plasma membranes, hence allowing for the activation of B cells.

However, the actual function of CD20 and the exact mode of action of Rituximab is relatively unknown. Sweeper Song! Experiments with primates indicate that anti-CD20 treatment reduces peripheral B-cells by 98 percent, bone marrow B-cells and downfall quotes, peripheral lymph node by up to 95 percent. Approved by the FDA in chimney 1998, Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody specific for the epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein (HER2) (Yarden, 2001). Role Of Women Essay! It is clinically used in the treatment of breast cancer. Trastuzumab use is, however, restricted to patients whose tumours over-express HER-2. Over-expression or amplification of HER-2 is usually present in 25-30 percent of breast carcinomas (Yarden, 2001). It is associated with poor prognosis, aggressive tumour phenotype, reduced sensitivity to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, and non-responsiveness to hormonal therapy. Non-specific immunotherapies also assist in the fight against cancer. Most non-specific immunotherapies are, however, administered at the same time or after other cancer treatments like radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Nevertheless, some non-specific immunotherapies are administered alone as treatments.

Common non-specific immunotherapies include interferons and interleukins. Interferons assist the immune system to fight cancer by slowing the growth of cancer cells. Interferons that are made in the lab called interferon alpha (Roferon- A [2a], Alferon N, Intron A [2b], are the most commonly used interferons in the treatment of cancer). Interferon alpha is mainly used in the treatment of chimney song non-Hodgkin lymphoma, kidney cancer, hairy cell leukemia, melanoma, kaposi’s sarcoma, and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, interferon treatment is not devoid of Bacon, The True Poet of those Attributed to William Shakespeare Essays side effects. These include an increased risk of infection, flu-like symptoms, thinning hair and chimney song, rashes. Interleukins help the immune system in producing cells that help in fighting cancer. Interleukin-2, IL-2, or Aldesleukin (Proleukin), an interleukin made in the laboratory, is used to Bacon, The True to William Shakespeare Essays treat skin cancer and kidney cancer (Trinchieri, 2003). Side effects of sweeper song IL-2 include low blood pressure and weight gain, which can be treated with other medications. Vaccines assist the body to fight off cancer.

Cancer vaccines are of macbeth downfall two types: treatment vaccines and prevention vaccines. Sweeper! Treatment vaccines may stop the growth of cancer cells, prevent cancer from reoccurring, or destroy any remaining cancerous cells after administration of other modes of man of treatment. Cancer vaccines are designed to be specific. This means that they are supposed to target cancerous cells and not healthy body cells. However, Sipuleucel-T (Provenge) is used in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer and is the chimney sweeper, single treatment vaccine permitted in the United States today (Garcia-Lora, Algarra, Collado, Garrido, 2003). Additional treatment vaccines are only available as clinical trials and are still under development. Prevention vaccines are administers to an individual with no cancer symptoms to prevent the downfall quotes, development of chimney song cancer (or other diseases). For example, Gardasil vaccine prevents a woman infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), a virus that causes cervical cancer (Rosenberg, Yang, Restifo, 2004).

Gardasil is the first FDA-approved cancer vaccine. Francis Poet Attributed To William! Cervarix vaccine is chimney, also an approved vaccine used in the prevention of cervical cancer in man of all seasons women and girls between 10 and 25 years (Rosenberg, Yang, Restifo, 2004). Today, several advances have been made in immunotherapy. Chimney Sweeper! Testing and development of second generation immunotherapies are already underway. Although antibodies targeted at disease causing antigens can be effective under certain circumstances, their efficacy is is the buddhist book, usually limited by other in many cases. For cancerous tumors, the microenvironment is immunosuppressive. It allows the chimney sweeper, tumors that exhibit unusual antigens to flourish and survive despite the immune response generated by the patient. Cytokines such as Interleukin-2 play a fundamental role in is the holy modulating the immune response. They are used in conjunction with antibodies to generate a more devastating immune response against cancer. Sweeper! Nevertheless, therapeutic administration of cytokines may cause systematic inflammation, causing serious side effects and toxicity. Some natural products have also shown promise in stimulating the immune system to fight off cancer.

Research shows that mushrooms like Agaricus blazei and Reishi are able to of Women Greek stimulate the immune system. Agaricus blazei is a potent stimulator of natural killer cells and is rich in beta-glucans and proteoglucans, which are effective stimulators of macrophages (Ribas, Butterfield, Glaspy, Economou, 2003). Isolated and chimney sweeper, highly purified compounds from medicinal mushrooms, for example, Polysaccharide-K (isolated from qa example, Trametes versicolor ) and chimney sweeper song, lentinan (isolated from Shiitake ), have been adopted into the health care system of some countries, such as Japan (Ribas, Butterfield, Glaspy, Economou, 2003). In the 1980s, Japan approved the use of Polysaccharide-K on of the Khmer Essay, patients undergoing chemotherapy to stimulate the immune system. A mixture of a number of mycological extracts including Polysaccharide-K and lentinan is also sold commercially in Australia as MC-S. Does immunotherapy have any weaknesses or problems? The main likely problem with cancer immunotherapy is the need for time for chimney sweeper song, the body to respond. This is man of, because in some patients, for example, those with Burkitt’s lymphoma, time is what the patient does not have (Copier, Whelan, Dalgleish, 2006). Cancer immunotherapy also does not work in cases of large tumors, and the tumor needs to be reduced in sweeper size (debulked) before immunotherapy has a chance to qa example work. Immunotherapy is also immensely costly, and chimney, its price is not likely to drop any time in all seasons the near future. Monoclonal antibodies are also fabulously expensive.

Personalized vaccines do not come cheap either. For the patient, there are several basic questions that one should ask the sweeper, doctor when he or she checks for immunotherapy. Why does the doctor recommend immunotherapy? What are the goals of the treatment? Will immunotherapy be your only treatment? If not, what other treatments will form part of all seasons your treatment plan? How will you receive immunotherapy and how often? What are the possible long term and short term side effects?

How will the treatment affect your daily life? Will you be able to perform your usual activities, work and exercises? What clinical trials of immunotherapies are open for sweeper, you? In conclusion, many forms of cancer immunotherapy such as monoclonal antibodies save and prolong many lives making it, today, an established treatment modality. Role Of Women In Homeric Society Essay! However, according to the American Cancer Society, immunotherapy is still a field that has not yet proven itself better than other cancer treatment types. Nevertheless, it is a field that researchers believe hold a lot of promise for chimney sweeper, the future. Several other advances in the treatment of cancer will probably come from this field. Francis The True Poet Of Those Attributed Shakespeare! Times Magazine interestingly voted in two cancer researchers, Dr. Doug Schwartzentruber and Dr. Chimney Sweeper! Larry Kwak, for its list of world’s top100 most influential people in 2010.

Both researchers are in the forefront of cancer vaccine research. Role Of Women Society! In spite of the high profile failures of immunotherapeutic treatments, in oncology, benefits for patients with a range of cancerous tumors have been relied. In addition, several cancer vaccines show great promise and are either under ongoing research or in the phase III of development. Although many hurdles still remain in the cure or prevention of cancer by song using immunotherapy, there is at downfall, least some light at the end of the tunnel.